Inflammation and in vitro Diagnostics

.: PREFACE
PREFACE
ÖN SÖZ
Prof. Dr. Hilal KOÇDORa, Prof. Dr. Aysun PABUÇÇUOĞLUb, Prof. Dr. Figen ZİHNİOĞLUc
aDokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology, Department of Basic Oncology, İzmir, Türkiye
bEge University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Division of Biochemistry, İzmir, Türkiye
cEge University Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, İzmir, Türkiye
Article Language: EN
Perspectives on Inflammation in Preclinical and Clinical Studies and Current Monitoring: Integration of Inflammation-in vitro Diagnostic Diagnosis, Application, Devices, and Methods

Cancer, infection, and wound healing are three fundamental aspects of medicine, involving nearly all medical branches equally. Interestingly, these three conditions activate similar and common molecular pathways and cellular processes. In a sense, all these processes fall under the umbrella of ''INFLAMMATION''. Due to its complexity and broad scope, this topic has not been sufficiently compiled through common points. In this book, we aim to view diseases through the lens of inflammation.

Defined as a complex biological response of the organism to harmful stimuli, the ''inflammatory response'' can also occur in various conditions such as infections, tissue damage, or autoimmune diseases. Understanding and managing the inflammatory response is critically important in both preclinical and clinical studies. In recent years, in vitro diagnostic devices and methods have provided significant advances in the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammation. This book discusses the importance and application areas of integrating preclinical and clinical studies on inflammation with in vitro diagnostic devices and methods.

Preclinical research uses various animal models and cell culture systems to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation. These models are important for evaluating the efficacy and safety of drug candidates. Preclinical studies enable the discovery of new biomarkers that can be used for the early diagnosis and prognosis of inflammation. These biomarkers are thoroughly characterized before being validated in clinical studies.

Accurate and early diagnosis of inflammation in clinical studies plays a critical role in monitoring the course of the disease and the response to treatment. During this process, in vitro diagnostic methods and devices support clinical decisions by providing rapid and precise results at the patient's bedside. Patient-centered approaches in clinical studies allow for the development of personalized treatment strategies. These approaches are enriched with the data provided by in vitro diagnostic devices.

Significant technological advancements have been made in vitro diagnostic devices, including biosensors, microfluidic devices, and advanced imaging techniques in recent years. These devices enable the precise and rapid detection of inflammation. in vitro diagnostic devices offer a wide range of applications in laboratory settings. The detection of inflammatory biomarkers in blood, urine, or other biological samples is one of the most common uses of these devices.

The integration of preclinical and clinical studies with in vitro diagnostic devices and methods requires multidisciplinary approaches. This integration involves the collaboration of biomedical engineering, clinical medicine, bioinformatics, and other fields. The importance of inflammation in personalized medicine is increasing. Customized treatment approaches according to individual patient profiles become possible with the use of in vitro diagnostic data.

The current monitoring of preclinical and clinical studies on inflammation and the combined use of in vitro diagnostic devices and methods offer significant advantages in disease diagnosis and treatment. This integration contributes to the development of more effective and personalized approaches to patient treatment processes. In the future, technological advancements and multidisciplinary collaborations will further develop this field.

In this book, the integration of preclinical and clinical studies on inflammation with in vitro diagnostic methods is discussed in a multidisciplinary and comprehensive manner, examining inflammation from different perspectives, from basic research to clinical applications. By emphasizing the potential of this field, which offers innovative approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of inflammation, from research laboratories to clinical patient management, we hope to inspire and guide researchers, clinicians, and students.

We aim to contribute to the development of more effective treatment methods by providing the necessary knowledge and tools to understand and manage the complex nature of inflammation. By discussing the opportunities and challenges provided by the integration of preclinical and clinical studies with in vitro diagnostic devices and methods, we hope to lay a foundation for future research in this area.

We extend our gratitude to all researchers, clinicians, and health professionals who inspired and supported us in preparing this book. By sharing our knowledge in this field, we hope to open new horizons in the understanding and management of inflammation.

Respectfully.

Prof. Dr. Hilal KOÇDOR
Editor
Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology, Department of Basic Oncology İzmir, Türkiye

Prof. Dr. Aysun PABUÇÇUOĞLU
Editor
Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, İzmir, Türkiye

Prof. Dr. Figen ZİHNİOĞLU
Editor
Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, İzmir, Türkiye

PRESENTATION

This book, prepared by Türkiye Klinikleri, is a resource containing valuable information about what our immune system is and how it works, summarized by our esteemed scientists.

Inflammation is a word derived from the Latin word ''inflammare'', which began to be used in the seventeenth century, meaning to have the property of burning on its own. The word used for inflammation in Turkish is ''yangı'' and there is also the concept of burning in this word.

The immune system is a protection and defense system by which living things defend themselves against external factors, and the dimension discussed in this book is about inflammation, that is, the response of any foreign substance when it penetrates the living body and/or the reactive products of body, because this response is the key to survival. In this book, current information, and methods regarding the body's responses to factors that cause sudden changes in the immune system, which can be any inorganic or organic factor, and the analysis of their results are discussed. The need to develop these methods is also emphasized. Although this resource, which provides topic headings for young scientists who will address these issues in the future, consists of articles dealing with in vitro methods, it is a guiding resource in which in vivo studies are also highlighted with visuals. I recommend that young scientists who evaluate this book through the electronic edition should consider the inter-chapter associations of parameters and concepts simultaneously.

We hope that this resource presented to our young scientists will ignite their curiosity and be a guide on their route.

Prof. Dr. Yahya Rauf LALELİ
Preklinik ve Klinikte İnflamasyona Bakış ve Güncel Takip; İnflamasyon-in vitro Diyagnostik Tanı, Uygulama, Cihaz ve Yöntem Birlikteliği

Kanser, enfeksiyon ve yara iyileşmesi, tıbbın üç temel konusudur ve hemen hemen tüm branşları eşit derecede ilgilendirmektedir. İlginç bir şekilde bu üç durumda da benzer ve ortak moleküler yolaklar ve hücresel süreçler aktive olmaktadır. Bir anlamda bu süreçlerin tamamı ''İNFLAMASYON'' kapsamı altındadır. Bu konu, karmaşıklığı ve geniş kapsamı nedeniyle ortak noktalar üzerinden yeterince derlenmemiştir. Bu kitapta hastalıklara inflamasyon penceresinden bakmayı amaçladık.

Organizmanın zararlı uyaranlara karşı verdiği karmaşık bir biyolojik yanıt olarak tanımlanan ''inflamasyon yanıtı''; enfeksiyon, doku hasarı veya otoimmün hastalıklar gibi çeşitli durumlarda da ortaya çıkabilir. İnflamatuar yanıtın anlaşılması ve yönetilmesi hem preklinik hem de klinik çalışmalarda kritik öneme sahiptir. Son yıllarda, in vitro diyagnostik cihazlar ve yöntemler, inflamasyonun tanı ve takibinde önemli ilerlemeler sağlamıştır. Bu kitapta, inflamasyonda preklinik ve klinik çalışmaların güncel takibi ile in vitro diyagnostik cihaz ve yöntemlerin entegrasyonunun önemi ve uygulama alanları ele alınmıştır.

Preklinik araştırmalar, inflamasyonun moleküler ve hücresel mekanizmalarını anlamak için çeşitli hayvan modelleri ve hücre kültürü sistemleri kullanır. Bu modeller, ilaç adaylarının etkinliğini ve güvenilirliğini değerlendirmek için önemlidir. Preklinik çalışmalar, inflamasyonun erken tanısı ve prognozunda kullanılabilecek yeni biyobelirteçlerin keşfine olanak tanır. Bu biyobelirteçler, klinik çalışmalarda doğrulanmadan önce kapsamlı bir şekilde karakterize edilir. Klinik çalışmalarda inflamasyonun doğru ve erken teşhisi; hastalığın seyri ve tedavi yanıtının izlenmesi için kritik bir rol oynar. Bu süreçte, in vitro diyagnostik yöntemler ve cihazlar, hasta başında hızlı ve hassas sonuçlar sağlayarak klinik kararları destekler. Klinik çalışmalarda, hasta tabanlı yaklaşımlar, bireyselleştirilmiş tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine olanak tanır. Bu yaklaşımlar, in vitro diyagnostik cihazların sağladığı verilerle zenginleştirilir.

Son yıllarda, biyosensörler, mikroakışkan cihazlar ve ileri görüntüleme teknikleri gibi in vitro diyagnostik cihazlarda, önemli teknolojik ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir. Bu cihazlar, inflamasyonun hassas ve hızlı bir şekilde tespit edilmesini sağlar. in vitro diyagnostik cihazlar, laboratuvar ortamında geniş bir uygulama yelpazesi sunar. Kan, idrar veya diğer biyolojik örneklerde inflamatuar biyobelirteçlerin tespiti, bu cihazların en yaygın kullanım alanlarından biridir.

Preklinik ve klinik çalışmaların in vitro diyagnostik cihaz ve yöntemlerle entegrasyonu, multidisipliner yaklaşımları gerektirir. Bu entegrasyon; biyomedikal mühendisliği, klinik tıp, biyoinformatik ve diğer alanların iş birliğini içerir. İnflamasyonun kişiselleştirilmiş tıpta önemi giderek artmaktadır. Bireysel hasta profillerine göre özelleştirilmiş tedavi yaklaşımları, in vitro diyagnostik verilerin kullanımıyla mümkün hâle gelir.

İnflamasyonda preklinik ve klinik çalışmaların güncel takibi ile in vitro diyagnostik cihaz ve yöntemlerin birlikte kullanılması, hastalık tanısı ve tedavisinde önemli avantajlar sunar. Bu entegrasyon, hastaların tedavi süreçlerinde daha etkin ve bireyselleştirilmiş yaklaşımların geliştirilmesine katkı sağlar. Gelecekte, teknolojik ilerlemeler ve multidisipliner iş birlikleri, bu alanın daha da gelişmesini sağlayacaktır.

Bu kitapta; inflamasyonda preklinik ve klinik çalışmaların takibi ile in vitro diyagnostik yöntemlerin entegrasyonu, multidisipliner ve kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınmış, temelden kliniğe inflamasyon farklı bakış açıları ile irdelenmiştir. Araştırma laboratuvarlarından, klinik hasta yönetimine kadar geniş bir yelpazede, inflamasyonun tanı ve tedavisinde yenilikçi yaklaşımlar sunan bu alanın potansiyelini vurgulamıştır.

Kitabın; araştırmacılara, klinisyenlere ve öğrencilere ilham verici ve yol gösterici olmasını umut ediyoruz. İnflamasyonun karmaşık doğasını anlamak ve yönetmek için gerekli bilgi ve araçları sunarak, daha etkili tedavi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamayı amaçlıyoruz. Kitap içeriğinde, preklinik ve klinik çalışmaların in vitro diyagnostik cihaz ve yöntemlerle entegrasyonunun sağladığı fırsatları ve karşılaşılan zorlukları tartışarak, bu alanda gelecekteki araştırmalar için bir temel oluşturmayı hedefliyoruz.

Okuyucularımıza, bu kitabı hazırlarken bize ilham veren ve destek olan tüm araştırmacılara, klinisyenlere ve sağlık profesyonellerine teşekkürlerimizi sunarız. Bu alandaki bilgi birikimimizi paylaşarak, inflamasyonun anlaşılması ve yönetilmesinde yeni ufuklar açmayı umuyoruz.

Saygılarımızla.

Prof. Dr. Hilal KOÇDOR
Editör
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Onkoloji Enstitüsü, Temel Onkoloji AD, İzmir, Türkiye

Prof. Dr. Aysun PABUÇÇUOĞLU
Editör
Ege Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi, Temel Eczacılık Bölümü, Biyokimya AD, İzmir, Türkiye

Prof. Dr. Figen ZİHNİOĞLU
Editör
Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, Biyokimya Bölümü, İzmir, Türkiye

TAKDİM

Türkiye Klinikleri tarafından hazırlanmış bu kitap; bağışıklık sistemimizin ne olduğunun, nasıl çalıştığının çok kıymetli bilim insanlarımız tarafından özetlendiği değerli bilgileri içeren bir kaynak.

Inflammation, on yedinci yüzyılda Latince'de kullanılmaya başlanan ''inflammare'' kelimesinden türemiş bir sözcük, kelime anlamı kendi kendine yanma özelliğine sahip olmak. Türkçe'de inflamasyon için kullanılan kelime ise ''yangı'' yine yanma kavramı var bu kelimede de.

Bağışıklık sistemi, canlıların kendilerini dış etkenlere karşı savunduğu bir korunma sistemi, bu kitapta ele alınan boyutu ise inflammation, yani herhangi bir yabancı maddenin canlı vücuduna girdiğinde ve/veya vücudun kendisinin verdiği cevap ile ilgili, çünkü bu cevap hayatta kalmanın anahtarı.

Bu kitapta bağışıklık sisteminde ani değişikliklere sebep olan etkenlere, ki bunlar inorganik, organik her türlü etken olabilir, vücudun verdiği cevaplar ve bunların sonuçlarının analizi ile ilgili güncel bilgiler, yöntemler ele alınıyor. Bu yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi gerekliliği de vurgulanıyor. Gelecekte bu konuları ele alacak genç bilim insanlarına konu başlıklarını veren bu kaynak, her ne kadar in vitro metotları ele alan makalelerden oluşsa da, in vivo çalışmaların da görsellerle vurgulandığı yol gösterici bir kaynak. Bu kitabı gençlerimizin elektronik baskı üzerinden değerlendirmelerini, parametrelerin ve kavramların bölümler arası ilişkilendirmelerini aynı anda ele almalarını öneririm.

Yeni yetişen bilim insanlarımıza sunulan bu kaynağın yol gösterici olması ümidiyle...

Prof. Dr. Yahya Rauf LALELİ

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