Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Participation and its Correlation with Upper Extremity Strength in Individuals with Spina Bifida: Correlation Study
Spina Bifidalı Bireylerde Katılım ve Üst Ekstremite Kuvveti ile İlişkisi: Korelasyon Çalışması
Hatice EKİNALAN KAYHANa , Bahar KÜLÜNKOĞLUb
aProgram of Radiotherapy, Ankara University Vocational School of Health Services, Ankara Türkiye
bDepartment of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2024;9(1):92-9
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2023-97564
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study was to compare participation and upper extremity muscle strength in individuals with spina bifida (SB) and their normally developing peers, and to investigate the correlation between participation and upper extremity muscle strength in individuals with SB. Material and Methods: Twenty three individuals with SB (SB group) and twenty three normally developing individuals (control group) aged 6-12 years were included in the study. Participation was evaluated with ''Child and Adolescent Participation Scale'', muscle strength with ''Hand Held Dynamometer'', grip strength with ''Hand Dynamometer'', pinch strength with ''Pinchmeter''. Results: Participation, shoulder flexion, shoulder abduction, elbow flexion and elbow extension muscle strength, dominant side grip strength and lateral, palmar and finger tip pinch strength were significantly lower in individuals with SB compared to their normally developing peers (p<0.05). In addition, there was a positive correlation between participation and upper extremity muscle strength, grip strength and pinch strength in individuals with SB (p<0.05). Conclusion: Upper extremity muscle strength, grip strength and pinch strength are related to participation in individuals with SB. Increasing upper extremity muscle strength may contribute to increased participation. Upper extremity muscle strength should be evaluated in individuals with SB and included in the rehabilitation program.

Keywords: Spinal dysraphism; participation; upper extremity; muscle strength; grip strength; pinch strength
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, spina bifidalı (SB) bireylerde ve normal gelişim gösteren akranlarında katılım ve üst ekstremite kuvvetinin karşılaştırılması ve SB'li bireylerde katılım ve üst ekstremite kas kuvveti ile ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 6-12 yaş arası 23 SB'li birey (SB grubu) ve 23 normal gelişim gösteren birey (kontrol grubu) dâhil edildi. Katılım ''Çocuk ve Ergen Katılım Ölçeği'', kas kuvveti ''İzometrik Dinamometre'', kavrama kuvveti ''El Dinamometresi'', parmak kavrama kuvveti ''Pinçmetre'' ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: SB'li bireylerde katılım, omuz fleksiyon, omuz abdüksiyon, dirsek fleksiyon ve dirsek ekstansiyon kas kuvveti, dominant taraf kavrama kuvveti ve lateral, palmar ve parmak ucu kavrama kuvveti normal gelişim gösteren akranlarına göre anlamlı derecede düşüktü (p<0,05). Ayrıca SB'li bireylerde katılım ile üst ekstremite kas kuvveti, kavrama kuvveti ve parmak kavrama kuvveti arasında pozitif korelasyon vardı (p<0,05). Sonuç: SB'li bireylerde üst ekstremite kas kuvveti, kavrama kuvveti ve parmak kavrama kuvveti katılım ile ilişkilidir. SB'li bireylerde üst ekstremite kas kuvvetinin artırılması katılımın artmasına katkı sağlayabilir. SB'li bireylerde üst ekstremite kas kuvveti değerlendirilmeli ve rehabilitasyon programına dâhil edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Omurga disrafisi; katılım; üst ekstremite; kas kuvveti; kavrama kuvveti; sıkma kuvveti
REFERENCES:
  1. Phillips LA, Burton JM, Evans SH. Spina bifida management. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2017;47(7):173-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Bakanienė I, Žiukienė L, Vasiliauskienė V, Prasauskienė A. Participation of Children with Spina Bifida: A Scoping Review Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) as a Reference Framework. Medicina (Kaunas). 2018;54(3):40. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  3. World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. ICF. World Health Organization. 2001. [Link] 
  4. World Health Organization. International classification of functioning, disability and health: children & youth version: ICF-CY. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. 2007. [Link] 
  5. Bakaniene I, Prasauskiene A. Patterns and predictors of participation in children and adolescents with spina bifida. Disabil Rehabil. 2020;42(26):3771-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Liptak GS, Kennedy JA, Dosa NP. Youth with spina bifida and transitions: health and social participation in a nationally represented sample. J Pediatr. 2010;157(4):584-8, 588.e1. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Hwang R, Kentish M, Burns Y. Hand positioning sense in children with spina bifida myelomeningocele. Aust J Physiother. 2002;48(1):17-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Schoenmakers MA, de Groot JF, Gorter JW, Hillaert JL, Helders PJ, Takken T. Muscle strength, aerobic capacity and physical activity in independent ambulating children with lumbosacral spina bifida. Disabil Rehabil. 2009;31(4):259-66. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Hamilton AM. Sensory hand function of the child with spina bifida myelomeningocele. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. 1991;54(9):346-9. [Crossref] 
  10. Muen WJ, Bannister CM. Hand function in subjects with spina bifida. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1997;7 Suppl 1:18-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Turner A. Upper-limb function of children with myelomeningocele. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1986;28(6):790-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Hoffer MM, Feiwell E, Perry R, Perry J, Bonnett C. Functional ambulation in patients with myelomeningocele. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1973;55(1):137-48. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Colver A; SPARCLE Group. Study protocol: SPARCLE--a multi-centre European study of the relationship of environment to participation and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy. BMC Public Health. 2006;6:105. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  14. Gunel MK, Mutlu A, Tarsuslu T, Livanelioglu A. Relationship among the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and the functional status (WeeFIM) in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Eur J Pediatr. 2009;168(4):477-85. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Bedell G. Further validation of the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP). Dev Neurorehabil. 2009;12(5):342-51. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Bedell GM. Developing a follow-up survey focused on participation of children and youth with acquired brain injuries after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. NeuroRehabilitation. 2004;19(3):191-205. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Atasavun Uysal S, Dülger E, Bilgin S, Elbasan B, Çetin H, Türkmen C, et al. Çocuk ve Adölesan Katılım Anketi' nin (CASP) Türkçe geçerlik vegüvenirlik çalışması XVII. Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyonda Gelişmeler Kongresi; 25-28 Nisan 2018; Türkiye: 2018. p.87. [Link] 
  18. Van den Beld WA, Van der Sanden GA, Janssen AJ, Sengers RC, Verbeek AL, Gabreëls FJ. Comparison of 3 instruments to measure muscle strength in children: A prospective study. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2011;15(6):512-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. van den Beld WA, van der Sanden GA, Sengers RC, Verbeek AL, Gabreëls FJ. Validity and reproducibility of hand-held dynamometry in children aged 4-11 years. J Rehabil Med. 2006;38(1):57-64. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Shetty M, Balasundaran S, Mullerpatan R. Grip and pinch strength: Reference values for children and adolescents from India. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2019;12(3):255-62. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Fess E, Moran C. American Society of Hand Therapists Clinical Assessment Recommendations. 1st ed. Indianapolis: American Society of Hand Therapists; 1981.
  22. Wen J, Wang J, Xu Q, Wei Y, Zhang L, Ou J, et al. Hand anthropometry and its relation to grip/pinch strength in children aged 5 to 13 years. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(12):300060520970768. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Holmbeck GN, Coakley RM, Hommeyer JS, Shapera WE, Westhoven VC. Observed and perceived dyadic and systemic functioning in families of preadolescents with spina bifida. J Pediatr Psychol. 2002;27(2):177-89. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Holmbeck GN, Westhoven VC, Phillips WS, Bowers R, Gruse C, Nikolopoulos T, et al. A multimethod, multi-informant, and multidimensional perspective on psychosocial adjustment in preadolescents with spina bifida. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003;71(4):782-96. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Field SJ, Oates RK. Sport and recreation activities and opportunities for children with spina bifida and cystic fibrosis. J Sci Med Sport. 2001;4(1):71-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Landry SH, Taylor HB, Swank PR, Barnes M, Juranek J. Longitudinal mediators of social problem solving in spina bifida and typical development. Rehabil Psychol. 2013;58(2):196-205. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Di Marino E, Tremblay S, Khetani M, Anaby D. The effect of child, family and environmental factors on the participation of young children with disabilities. Disabil Health J. 2018;11(1):36-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Law M, Anaby D, Teplicky R, Khetani MA, Coster W, Bedell G. Participation in the home environment among children and youth with and without disabilities. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2013;76(2):58-66. [Crossref] 
  29. Dennis M, Barnes MA. The cognitive phenotype of spina bifida meningomyelocele. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2010;16(1):31-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  30. Peny-Dahlstrand M, Krumlinde-Sundholm L, Gosman-Hedstrom G. Patterns of participation in school-related activities and settings in children with spina bifida. Disabil Rehabil. 2013;35(21):1821-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Bloemen MA, Backx FJ, Takken T, Wittink H, Benner J, Mollema J, et al. Factors associated with physical activity in children and adolescents with a physical disability: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015;57(2):137-48. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Bloemen MA, Verschuren O, van Mechelen C, Borst HE, de Leeuw AJ, van der Hoef M, et al. Personal and environmental factors to consider when aiming to improve participation in physical activity in children with Spina Bifida: a qualitative study. BMC Neurol. 2015;15:11. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  33. Logan LR, Sawin KJ, Bellin MH, Brei T, Woodward J. Self-management and independence guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2020;13(4):583-600. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com