Objective: Methanol intoxication is common, especially in fake alcohol production. Its metabolic products can cause acidosis, blindness, and death. In our retrospective study, we aimed to share our experiences in managing 60 patients intoxicated with methyl alcohol. Material and Methods: Sixty cases of methanol intoxication, whose records were accessible at Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin City Training and Research and Toros State Hospitals hospital between 01.01.2017 and 31.12.2019, meeting our criteria, were included in our study. Patients whose data could not be reached and patients with cancer, trauma, hematological disease, acute infection, and immunosuppressive drug use were excluded. Results: The mean age of our patients was 51.66±12.09 years, and 88.3% of them were male. While 3.3% of the cases used it for suicide, 96.7% were accidentally intoxicated. The most common complaints on admission were visual impairment in 70% (42), changes in consciousness in 13.3% (8), nausea and vomiting in 10% (6), and seizures in 6.7% (4). In addition to general treatment principles and ethyl alcohol treatment administered to the patients, intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) was applied to 44 patients, while continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) to 6 patients. The rate of patients followed up with a mechanical ventilator was 43.3% (34), the mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was 15.11±33.67 days (1-187), and the mortality rate was 35% (21). In terms of morbidity, cognitive dysfunction (e.g., tremor, balance disorder, withdrawal syndrome) was detected in 4 patients, and vision loss developed in 17 of 41 patients with visual impairment. Conclusion: Ethyl alcohol administration, IHD and CRRT are specified as emergency approaches in methanol intoxication to correct metabolic acidosis. We think that emergency treatment administration in methanol intoxication is effective on patient outcomes, but the amount of methyl alcohol taken and the duration of admission to the hospital also affect morbidity and mortality rates.
Keywords: Critical care; methanol; alcoholic intoxication; dialysis
Amaç: Metanol zehirlenmesi, özellikle sahte içki yapımında sıkça görülmektedir. Metabolik ürünleri asidoza, körlüğe ve ölüme neden olabilmektedir. Retrospektif olarak gerçekleştirdiğimiz çalışmamızda, metil alkol zehirlenmesi olan 60 hastanın yönetimi konusundaki deneyimlerimizi paylaşmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza 01.01.2017-31.12.2019 tarihleri arasında Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Mersin Şehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi ve Toros Devlet Hastanesinden kayıtlarına ulaşılabilen, kriterlerimize uyan 60 metanol zehirlenmesi olguları dâhil edildi. Kayıtlarına ulaşılamayan hastalar, kanser, travma, hematolojik hastalık, akut enfeksiyon ve immünsupresif ilaç kullanımı olanlar hariç tutuldu. Bulgular: Hastalarımızın yaş ortalaması 51,66±12,09 yıl olup, %88,3'ü erkek idi. Olguların %3,3'ü intihar amacıyla kullanmışken, %96,7'si kazara zehirlenmiştir. Geliş şikâyetleri en sık görme bozukluğu %70 (42), bilinç değişikliği %13,3 (8), bulantı ve kusma %10 (6) ve nöbet geçirme %6,7 (4) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Tüm hastalara genel tedavi prensipleri ve etil alkol tedavisi uygulanmış; 44 hastaya aralıklı hemodiyaliz [intermittent hemodialysis (IHD)] uygulanırken, 6 hastaya sürekli renal replasman tedavisi (SRRT) uygulanmıştır. Mekanik ventilatör ile takip edilen hasta oranı %43,3 (34), ortalama yoğun bakım yatış süresi 15,11±33,67 gün (1-187) olup, mortalite oranı ise %35 (21) olarak bulunmuştur. Morbidite açısından 4 hastada kognitif fonksiyon bozukluğu (tremor, denge bozukluğu, yoksunluk sendromu vb.) saptanmış, görme bozukluğu şikâyeti ile gelen 41 hastanın 17'sinde ise görme kaybı gelişmiştir. Sonuç: Metanol intoksikasyonunda, metabolik asidozun düzeltilmesi için etil alkol uygulanması, IHD ve SRRT uygulaması acil yaklaşımlar olarak belirtilmektedir. Metanol intoksikasyonunda acil tedavi uygulanmasının, hasta sonuçları üzerine etkili olduğunu ancak alınan metil alkol miktarının ve hastaneye geliş süresinin de morbidite ve mortalite oranları üzerinde etkili olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yoğun bakım; metanol; alkol zehirlenmesi; diyaliz
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