Sickle Cell Anemia

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Oral Hücre Anemisinde Epidemiyoloji ve Bir Halk Sağlığı Sorunu Olarak Ülkemizde Durum
Epidemiology in Sickle Cell Anemia and Situation in Turkey as a Public Health Problem
Necdet AYTAÇa
aSANKO Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Halk Sağlığı ABD, Gaziantep, TÜRKİYE
Aytaç N. Oral hücre anemisinde epidemiyoloji vebir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak ülkemizde durum. Kılınç Y, editör. Orak Hücre Anemisi. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p.1- 4.
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Dünyada ve ülkemizde görülme sıklığı ve taşıyıcılığı yüksek olan hemoglobinopatiler en sık karşılaşılan tek gen bozukluklarıdır. Sickle Cell Anemi yüksek mortalite ve morbiditesi olan iyi tanımlanmış genetik hastalıklardan birisidir. Dünyada yılda 300.000 orak hücre anemili çocuk dünyaya gelmektedir. Türkiye'de Genel toplumda her 1000 sağlıklı bireyden 2 veya 3'ü Orak Hücre taşıyıcısıdır. Bu oran risk bölgelerine göre değişim göstermektedir. Bu bölgeler; Antakya, Adana, İçel, Tarsus, Ceyhan, Mersin ve Kuzey Kıbrıs Ailesinde Orak hücre taşıyıcılığı veya Orak hücre hastalığı olanlardır. Ülkemizde yaklaşık 1200 hasta bulunmaktadır. Sickle Cell Anemi'nin tedavisi, ortaya çıkan belirtilerin tedavisine yöneliktir. Uygun ve düzenli tedavi gören orak hücre hastası çocuklar çalışabilir, evlenebilir, hatta çocuk sahibi olabilirler Sickle Cell Anemi hastalığı kesin tedavisi olmayan ve tedavi maliyeti yüksek olan fakat evlilik öncesi taramalarla taşıyıcı kişilerin birbiriyle evlenmesi önlenerek, evlenseler bile prenatal tanı ile hastaları doğmasının önlenmesi mümkün olan bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. 1 Kasım 2018 tarihinden itibaren Hemoglobinopati Kontrol Programı, 'Evlilik Öncesi Hemoglobinopati Tarama Programı' adıyla 81 ilde uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. T.C. Sağlığı Bakanlığı Evlilik öncesi tarama programı ile SCA'li hasta doğan sayısını önemli ölçüde azaltılmıştır. Üreme çağındaki bireyler akraba evlilikleri ile ilgili riskler konusunda eğitilir ve bu bozukluklar için taranıp doğum öncesi tanı ve takip programları, ciddi klinik seyirleri olan hastaların doğumunu önlemeye de yardımcı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Anemi, orak hücreli; halk sağlığı
ABSTRACT
Hemoglobinopathies, which have a high prevalence and carrier status in the world and in our country, are the most common gene disorders. Sickle Cell Anemia is one of the well-defined genetic diseases with high mortality and morbidity. 300,000 children with sickle cell anemia are born in the world annually. 2 or 3 out of every 1,000 healthy individuals in the general population in Turkey is sickle cell carrier. This ratio varies according to the risk regions. These regions are; Those with sickle cell carriage or sickle cell disease in Antakya, Adana, İçel, Tarsus, Ceyhan, Mersin and Northern Cyprus Family. There are approximately 1200 patients in our country. The treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia is directed towards the treatment of the symptoms. Children with sickle cell disease who receive appropriate and regular treatment can work, get married and even have children. Sickle Cell Anemia is a disease that has no definitive treatment and high treatment costs, but it is possible to prevent carrier people from marrying each other with pre-marital screenings, and even if they get married, it is possible to prevent birth of patients with prenatal diagnosis. is a public health problem. As of November 1, 2018, the Hemoglobinopathy Control Program has been implemented in 81 provinces under the name of "PreMarriage Hemoglobinopathy Screening Program". T.R. The number of patients born with SCA has been significantly reduced with the pre-marital screening program of the Ministry of Health. Individuals of reproductive age are educated about the risks associated with consanguineous marriages, and screening and prenatal diagnosis and follow-up programs for these disorders can also help prevent the birth of patients with severe clinical courses. Keywords: Sickle Cell Anemia, public health.

Keywords: Anemia, sickle cell; public health

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