Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: REVIEW
Onkolojik Sorunu Olan Çocuk ve Ailesinin Yas Süreci ve Psikososyal Bakımı: Geleneksel Derleme
The Grief Process and Psychosocial Care of the Child with Oncological Problem and Their Family: Traditional Review
Melahat AKGÜN KOSTAKa, İsmail ÇETİNTAŞa, Seval KORKMAZb
aTrakya Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Edirne, Türkiye
bTrakya Üniversitesi Sağlık Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi, Neonatoloji BD, Edirne, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2022;14(2):590-7
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2021-84127
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Kanser tüm dünyada önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Çocukluk çağı kanserlerinde sağkalım oranlarındaki artışa rağmen günümüzde kanser çocuklar için dünyada ikinci, ülkemizde üçüncü ölüm nedenidir. Çocukluk çağı kanserleri aile hastalığı olarak ifade edilmekte ve çocuğun kanser tanısı alması ile birlikte tüm aile tedavi ve yas sürecine dahil olmaktadır. Kanser, çocuk ve ailesini fiziksel, sosyal, duygusal, ekonomik olarak olumsuz etkiler. Hastalığın tedavisindeki gelişmeler sonucu kanserli yaşam süresinin artması, çocuk ve ailenin yas sürecini daha önemli hâle getirmiştir. Çocuğun kanser tanısı alması ile birlikte tüm aile üyeleri yas sürecine dâhil olmakta ve bu süreçte, hastalığın yönetimini olumsuz etkileyebilecek psikososyal sorunlar sık görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte gelişimsel özellikleri nedeniyle kanser hastalığı olan çocukların, erişkin hastalardan daha özel bakıma gereksinimleri vardır. Bu nedenle kanser hastalığı olan çocuk ve ailesinin psikososyal bakımı için kanıt temelli bakım standartları geliştirilmiştir ve bu standartlarda, psikososyal desteğin çocuğun kanser tanısı almasından hemen sonra başlaması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Çocuk ve ailenin yas sürecine yakından tanıklık eden başta hemşireler olmak üzere sağlık profesyonellerinin, çocuk ve aile üyelerindeki yas tepkilerini tanımaları, yas tepkilerini etkileyen faktörleri bilmeleri, çocuk ile birlikte ailedeki diğer bireylerin gereksinimlerini belirlemeleri ve uygun girişimleri planlamaları önemlidir. Bu makalede, onkolojik sorunu olan çocuk ve ailenin yas süreci ve psikososyal bakımı hakkında bilgilere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kanser; çocuk; aile; yas; psikososyal bakım
ABSTRACT
 Despite the increase in survival rates in childhood cancers, today cancer is the second cause of death for children in the world and the third cause of death in our country. Childhood cancers are one of the diseases that affect children and their families physically, socially, emotionally and economically negatively and therefore referred to as family disease. With the advances in cancer treatment, the increase in the duration of life with cancer in childhood cancers has made the grief process of the child and family more important. When the child is diagnosed with cancer, all family members are involved in the grief process and psychosocial problems that may negatively affect the management of the disease are common in this process. Additionally, due to the developmental characteristics of children, children with cancer and their families need more special care than adult patients. For this reason, evidence-based care standards have been developed for the psychosocial care of the child with cancer and their families, and these standards emphasize that psychosocial support should begin immediately after the child is diagnosed with cancer. It is important that health professionals, especially nurses, who witness the grief process of the child and family closely, recognize the grief reactions in the child and family members, determine their needs by evaluating the child and her family individually, and plan appropriate interventions. In this article, information about the grief process and psychosocial care of the child with oncological problems and the family is given.

Keywords: Cancer; child; family; grief; psychosocial care
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