Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: A Current Review

.: PREFACE
ÖN SÖZ
PREFACE
Prof. Dr. Mustafa KENDİRCİa, Doç. Dr. Fatih KARDAŞa
aErciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Beslenme ve Metabolizma BD, Kayseri, Türkiye
Article Language: TR
Metabolizmanın temel enerji kaynakları karbonhidratlar, proteinler ve yağlardan oluşmaktadır. Bu maddeler aynı zamanda vücudumuzdaki biyokimyasal yolakların hammaddeleri, ürünleri olabilmekte veya kompleksler hâline gelerek organ ve sistemlerin yapıtaşlarını oluşturmaktadırlar.

Kalıtsal metabolik hastalıklar; karbonhidratlar, proteinler ve yağların veya bunları oluşturan daha küçük moleküllerin yapımı, yıkımı veya dönüşümü sürecindeki yolaklarda bir enzimin veya taşıyıcı bir proteinin eksikliği sonucu ortaya çıkarlar. Her bir kalıtsal metabolik hastalık tek tek düşünüldüğünde sayıları az gibi olsa da toplamda geniş bir hastalık sayısına ulaşmaktadır.

Karbonhidratlar vücudumuzun enerjisini akut dönemde sağlayan maddelerdir. Günlük diyette en fazla oranda bulunması gereken ve günlük kalori ihtiyacımızın çoğunluğunu sağlayan enerji kaynaklarıdır. Karbonhidratlar başlığı altında birçok farklı şeker (glukoz, fruktoz, galaktoz vb.) bulunmaktadır. Enerji metabolizmasında rol aldıkları gibi, hücre membranında, sinir kılıfında, bağ dokusunda görev yapan glikolipid, glikoprotein ve glikozaminoglikanlar gibi karmaşık yapıya sahip şekerler de bulunmaktadır.

Bu yolaklarla ilgili genlerdeki mutasyonlar sonucu meydana gelen eksiklikler sonucu karbonhidrat metabolizması bozuklukları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu bozuklukların çoğunluğu çocukluk yaş grubunda ortaya çıkmakla birlikte hafif formları erişkin yaşlarda da görülmektedirler. Bu hastalıkların sıklıkları toplumlarda farklı olmakla birlikte akraba evliliği olan ülkelerde daha sık görülmektedir.

Karbonhidrat metabolizması bozukluklarının tanısı ve tedavisinde son yıllarda yeni gelişmeler olmuştur. Özellikle moleküler genetik analizlerin yaygınlaşması hem tanı koymada hem de yeni fenotiplerin tespit edilmesinde faydalı olmuştur. Aynı zamanda çocuk metabolizma hastalıkları kliniklerinin yaygınlaşması, kalıtsal metabolik hastalıkların tanısı ve tedavisi ilgili gelişmelerin yakından takip edilmesini sağlamaktadır.

Çocuk metabolizma hastalıkları uzmanlarının yanısıra genel pediatri uzmanları da kalıtsal metabolik hastalıklı çocuklarla artık daha sık karşılaşmakta ve acil müdahale konusunda sorumluluk almaları gerekmektedir.

Hazırladığımız ''Karbonhidrat Metabolizması Bozuklukları: Güncel Bir Bakış'' isimli bu kitabın çocuk metabolizma hastalıkları ve genel pediatri uzmanlarının, pediatri asistanlarının faydalanacağı bir başvuru kaynağı olmasını ümit ediyoruz.

Kitabın hazırlanmasında ve kalıtsal metabolik hastalıkların ülkemizde gelişmesinde emeği geçen tüm hocalarımıza ve bilim adamlarımıza teşekkür etmeyi bir borç biliriz.

Saygılarımızla.

Prof. Dr. Mustafa KENDİRCİ
Editör

Doç. Dr. Fatih KARDAŞ
Editör
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats constitute the main energy sources of metabolism. These molecules may also be raw materials or products of biochemical pathways in our body or form building blocks of organs or systems, turning into complexes.

Hereditary metabolic diseases arise as a result of deficiency of an enzyme or a transporter protein in the process of the building, breakdown or conversion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats or of smaller molecules forming them. When we consider each hereditary metabolic disease individually, we may think that they are small in number. However, the total number of these diseases reaches a large number.

Carbohydrates are the agents which provide the energy of our body in the acute stage. They are energy sources which supply the majority of our daily calorie need and should make up the majority of our daily diet as well. Carbohydrates are made of many different sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose etc.). In addition to their role in energy metabolism, there are sugars with complex structures such as glycolipid, glycoprotein and glycosaminoglicans, which serve in the cell membrane, nerve sheath, and connective tissue.

Carbohydrate metabolism disorders occur as a result of deficiencies arisen out of mutations in genes related to these pathways. Although a majority of these disorders arise in childhood age group, their lighter forms are also seen at adult ages. The frequency of these diseases is different in different societies. Although the frequency of these diseases is different in societies, they are more common in countries with consanguineous marriage.

There have been new developments in the diagnosis and treatment of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in recent years. Especially that molecular genetic analyses become more widespread has been beneficial for both the diagnosis and detection of new phenotypes. In addition, that pediatric metabolism diseases clinics become more widespread enables us to closely follow developments related to the diagnosis and treatment of hereditary metabolic diseases.

Apart from metabolism pediatricians, general pediatricians now also encounter children with a metabolic disease more frequently and have to undertake responsibilities regarding emergency medical treatment.

We hope that this book entitled ''Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: A Current Review'', which is prepared by us, will be a reference book for pediatric metabolism specialists and general pediatricians as well as pediatric assistants.

We would like to thank all academicians and scientists who have contributed to the preparation of this book and the development of hereditary metabolic diseases field in our country.

With our best regards.

Prof. Dr. Mustafa KENDİRCİ
Editor

Assoc. Prof. Fatih KARDAŞ, MD
Editor

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