Thalassemia

.: PREFACE
ÖN SÖZ
PREFACE
Prof. Dr. Ali Bülent ANTMEN
Acıbadem Adana Hastanesi, Pediatrik Kemik İliği Nakil Merkezi, Adana, Türkiye
Article Language: TR
Talasemi kalıtsal kan hastalıkları içerisinde özel bir öneme sahiptir. Hemoglobin bozuklukları günümüzde 229 ülkenin %71'inde endemik olup, doğumların %89'unu etkilediği için, tüm dünyada hastalığın önlenmesine yönelik stratejiler geliştirilmektedir. Dünya nüfusunun en az %7'si ki yaklaşık 270 milyonu anormal bir hemoglobin geni taşımakta, her yıl 300.000-400.000 çocuk klinik bulgusu olan bir hemoglobin bozukluğu tanısıyla doğmaktadır. Hemoglobinopatilerin ilk tanınmasından beri yaklaşık yüzyıl geçmiştir. Talasemi 1925 yılında Thomas B. Cooley tarafından 'Cooley Anemisi' olarak tanımlanmıştır. 1932'de Whipple ve Bardford yayınlarında Talasemi terimini kullandılar. İlk tanı konulan hastaların Sicilya kökenli olmaları nedeni ile eski Yunancadan Thalassa'yı deniz, anlamında kullanarak 'Thalassanemia: Deniz anemisi' olarak tanımladılar. Ülkemizde ise hemoglobinopatilerin 78 yıllık öyküsü vardır. İlk talasemi majörlü hasta 1942 yılında tanımlanmışsa da hemoglobinopatiler ile ilgili ilk çalışmalar 1950'li yıllarda Prof. Dr. Muzaffer Aksoy tarafından başlatılmıştır. Şelatör ajanların bulunmasında ve kullanımındaki yetersizlik nedeni ile 1985 yıllarına kadar ülkemizde talasemilerde transfüzyonel hemosiderozisin tedavisi yetersizdi ve hastaların ortalama yaşam süreleri 20-30 yaş civarında idi. Modern tedavideki ilk şelatör olan Deferoksaminin temini zordu. 1985'den itibaren Deferoksamine ulaşmak kolaylaştı ancak bu kez kullanım zorlukları karşımıza çıktı. 1985-1990'lı yıllarda yurtdışında kullanım alanı bulan ilk oral şelatör Deferipronun Türkiye'ye girişi 2000 yılından sonra gerçekleşti. 2001'de ülkemizde klinik çalışmalarında bizzat bulunduğum oral tek doz olarak alınan Deferasiroks, talasemi hastalarının şelasyon tedavilerinde bir devrim oldu ve 2005 sonundan itibaren ülkemizde rutin kullanıma girdi. 1991 ve 1992'de İstanbul, Çukurova ve Akdeniz Üniversiteleri Tıp Fakültelerinde ilk başlatılan talasemili pediatrik hastalardaki kök hücre transplantasyonları bugün toplam 33 pediatrik KİT merkezinde, 1.700'ü geçen sayıya ulaştı ve hastalar için kür elde edilen tek tedavi seçeneği olarak geçerliliğini sürdürmektedir. Gen tedavisi araştırmalarının büyük bir hızla sürdüğü günümüzde hâlen talaseminin önlenmesindeki en etkili seçenek olan prenatal tanı ile hastalığın ortadan kaldırılması, halk sağlığının korunmasında önemli bir amaç olmaya devam edecektir.

Bu kitabın hayata geçirilmesine katkı veren değerli hematolog meslektaşlarıma, editörü olduğum bu kitabın; talasemi ile ilgili hekimlerimize ulaştırılması ve literatürümüze katkı sağlamasına vesile olan Türkiye Klinikleri yönetimine, ayrıca özveri ile çalışmalarına şahit olduğum yayın ekibine çok teşekkür ediyorum.

Prof. Dr. Ali Bülent ANTMEN
Editör
Thalassemia has a special importance in hereditary blood diseases. Hemoglobin disorders are now endemic in 71% of 229 countries and affect 89% of births, so strategies to prevent the disease are being developed all over the world. At least 7% of the world's population, about 270 million of whom carry an abnormal hemoglobin gene, 300,000-400,000 children are born each year with a diagnosis of hemoglobin disorder with clinical signs. Nearly a century has passed since the first recognition of hemoglobinopathies. Thalassemia was first described by Thomas B. Cooley as 'Cooley anemia' in 1925. In 1932, Whipple and Bardford used the term thalassemia in their publications. Because the first diagnosed patients were of Sicilian origin, they described 'Thalassanemia' from ancient Greek as thalass and anemeia, using the meaning of the sea. In our country, hemoglobinopathies have a 78-year history. Although the first thalassemia major patient was identified in 1942, the first studies on hemoglobinopathies were reported by Prof. Muzaffer Aksoy, MD. Due to the inability to reach and use chelating agents, the treatment of transfusional hemosiderosis in thalassemia was insufficient until 1985 in our country, and the average life expectancy of thalassemia patients was around 20-30 years. Deferoxamine, the first chelator in modern thalassemia treatment, was difficult to supply. From 1985, it became easier to reach deferoxamine, but this time there were be some difficulties with its use and adherence to treatment by the thalassemia patients. The first oral chelator Deferipron, which use abroad in the 1985-1990s, entered to Turkey only after 2000. Deferasirox, taken as an oral single dose, which I personally participated in clinical trials in 2001, was a revolution in chelation treatment of thalassemia patients and started to routine clinical use since the end of 2005 in our country. Hematopoetic stem cell transplantations in pediatric patients with thalassemia, which were first initiated in Istanbul, Çukurova and Akdeniz Universities, Medical Faculties in 1991 and 1992, have still reached a total of 1,700 in 33 pediatric bone marrow transplantation centers today, and hematopoetic stem cell transplantation continues to be the only curative treatment option for patients. Currently, gene therapy research continues but, the elimination of the disease with prenatal diagnosis, which is still the most effective option for preventing thalassemia, will continue to be an important goal for public health.

I offer my acknowledgements to all the distinguished hematologists and our colleagues who contributed to the implementation of this book, and also would like to thank the administration of Türkiye Klinikleri and as well as the publication team whose work I witnessed with dedication which was instrumental in the delivery of this book to thalassemia-related physicians and contributing to our literature.

Prof. Dr. Ali Bülent ANTMEN
Editor

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