A Pediatrician's Perspective in the Intensive Care: Practical Strategies and Current Interventions

.: PREFACE
ÖN SÖZ
PREFACE
Doç. Dr. Ebru Atike ONGUN
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hamidiye Tıp Fakültesi, Antalya Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, Çocuk Yoğun Bakım BD, Antalya, Türkiye
Article Language: TR
Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıklarına Gönül Vermiş Değerli Meslektaşlarım,

İlerleyen teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında, tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de akut ve kronik hastalıklara sahip çocukların sayısında belirgin bir artış gözlemlenmektedir. Özellikle kronik hastalıkların artışı, çocukların sağlık bakımını daha uzun vadeli ve sürekli hâle getirmiştir.

Günümüzde sağlık sistemine, dolayısıyla hekime kolay ulaşım sayesinde çocuklarda mortalitenin azaldığına, buna karşılık kronik hastalıklara bağlı morbiditenin giderek arttığına şahitlik etmekteyiz. Bu artış, sağlık hizmetlerinin sürdürülebilirliği konusunda önemli baskılar oluştururken, çocuk yoğun bakım ünitelerinin gereksinimlerini de doğrudan etkilemektedir. Artan çocuk yoğun bakım ünite ihtiyacına karşılık bu alanda uzmanlaşmış sağlık profesyonellerinin yetiştirilmesi konusunda, hâlen ciddi açık mevcuttur. Günümüz sağlık mevzuatı, deneyimli yoğun bakım uzmanının olmadığı durumda, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları uzmanlık belgesine sahip hekimlerin III. basamak çocuk yoğun bakım hizmetlerini sunmada yetkin olduğunu belirtmektedir. Ancak, yatan hasta çeşitliliği ve spesifik bilgi / beceri gerektiren kritik hasta bakımının zorlukları nedeniyle birçok meslektaşımızın yoğun bakım hastasına karşı tereddütle, kimi zaman kaygıyla yaklaştığı gözlenmektedir.

Sağlık sisteminin her sektöründe (üniversite, devlet ve özel sektör) görev yapmış, kritik hasta takibi yapan pek çok meslektaşımın bilgi ve tecrübe eksikliği nedeniyle yaşadığı kaygı ve tereddütleri deneyimlemiş bir Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları ve Çocuk Yoğun Bakım uzmanı olarak, algoritmalara dayalı, kolay okunan, pratik tanı ve tedavi yaklaşımlarını içeren bir kaynağa ihtiyaç olduğuna kanaat getirdim. Her bir bölümü konusunda uzman Çocuk Yoğun Bakım hekimlerince yazılan bu kaynak kitap, yoğun bakım hasta takibinde mesleki deneyimi artırmak için Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları uzmanlık eğitimi alan asistan hekimlere ve Pediatri uzmanlarına yönelik hazırlandı.

Günlük pratikte en sık karşılaşılan hastalıklar göz önüne alınarak hazırlanan bu kaynak kitap,

Solunum-I (Akut solunum sıkıntısı olan çocuğa yaklaşım, oksijen destek tedavileri, noninvaziv ventilasyon),

Solunum-II (Akut solunum yetmezliği, hızlı ardışık entübasyon ve mekanik ventilasyon),

Kardiyovasküler sistem bozuklukları (Şok ve dolaşım bozukluğu, hayatı tehdit edici aritmiler),

Sepsis ve çoklu organ yetmezliği,

Travma hastasına yaklaşım (İlk stabilizasyon ve akut kanayan hasta, travmatik beyin hasarı ve omurilik yaralanmaları, diğer organ sistem yaralanmaları),

Nörolojik aciller (Bilinci kapalı hasta ve koma, konvülsiyon ve status epileptikus),

Çevresel aciller (Zehirlenmelere genel yaklaşım ve toksidromlar, suda boğulma, elektrik çarpması ve yanıklar, akrep ve yılan sokması) bölümlerinden oluşmaktadır.

Bu kitabın her bir bölümünün kritik hasta takibinde etkin ve doğru müdahale stratejileri oluşturmada meslektaşlarımıza yardımcı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.

Tüm yazarlara en içten teşekkürü borç bilirim.

Bütüne katkı olması dileğiyle.

Doç. Dr. Ebru Atike ONGUN
Editör
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hamidiye Tıp Fakültesi, Antalya Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, Çocuk Yoğun Bakım BD, Antalya, Türkiye
Dear Colleagues,

In the light of developing technologies, acute and chronic diseases of the childhood have dramatically increased globally. The rise in the prevalence of chronic disease has forced the healthcare system to provide continuing and long-term special care for children.

Easier access to the healthcare system, thus to physicians, we witness a general reduction in the childhood mortality; but the morbidity related to chronic underlying conditions has increased dramatically. Hence the obligation to sustain proper healthcare-care services directly affects the need for pediatric intensive care units (PICU). In response to the need for PICUs, there exists a serious gap in the training of healthcare professionals specialized in the field of intensive care. The current healthcare regulations state that, in the absence of an experienced ICU specialist, physicians specialized in the field of pediatrics are competent to provide tertiary-level intensive care services. Unfortunately, the wide variety of diseases in the ICU and the challenges associated with intensive care that require specific knowledge and delicate care results in lack of confidence and anxiety in the treatment of ICU patients.

After serving in all aspects of the health-care system (university hospital, public hospitals and private practice) for many years as a specialist in pediatrics and pediatric intensive care, i shared similar self-doubts due to lack of knowledge or experience in the treatment of children in need of intensive care, just like many colleagues did. Hence all these have led the decision to create an easy-to-read, algorithm-based and practical medical source that encompasses the general aspects of intensive care. This book is authored by pediatric intensive care experts and designed to upgrade the knowledge and skills of pediatric residents and specialists in the management of children in need of intensive care.

The current book describes frequent pathologies encountered in PICUs and includes the following sections:

Respiration-I (Approach to children with acute respiratory distress, oxygen support therapies, non-invasive ventilation),

Respiration-II (Acute respiratory failure, rapid sequence intubation, and mechanical ventilation),

Disorders of the cardiovascular system (Shock and circulatory collapse, lifethreatening arrhythmias),

Sepsis and multiple organ failure,

Trauma management (Initial stabilization and acute care of the bleeding child, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injuries, other organ system injuries),

Neurological emergencies (Unconscious patients and coma, convulsions, and status epilepticus),

Environmental emergencies (General approach to intoxications and toxidromes, drowning, electrical burns and injuries, scorpion and snake bites).

We believe that each section of this book will guide our colleagues to develop effective treatment strategies and appropriate interventions in the intensive care.

I express my deepest gratitude to all the authors.

Warmest regards.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ebru Atike ONGUN
Editör
University of Health Sciences Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Antalya Health Practice and Research Center, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Antalya, Türkiye

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