Renal Denervation Treatment

.: PREFACE
ÖN SÖZ
PREFACE
Doç. Dr. Anıl AVCIa, Doç. Dr. Regayip ZEHİRa
aSağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kardiyoloji AD, İstanbul, Türkiye
Article Language: TR
Yüksek kan basıncı tüm dünyada hâlen en güncel sağlık problemleri arasında yer almaktadır. Modern hayatın getirmiş olduğu yaşam tarzı, beslenme alışkanlıkları ve stres yükü, hastaların bir kısmında hipertansiyon kontrolünü zorlaştırmaktadır. Kardiyovasküler morbidite ve mortaliteyi azaltmak için her türlü farmakolojik veya non-farmakolojik hipertansiyon tedavi seçenekleri değerlendirilmelidir. Bu tedavi seçenekleri kanıta dayalı, etkin ve güvenli olmalıdır. Son zamanlarda yapılan histopatolojik ve nöroanatomik çalışmalar, sempatik sinir sisteminin ve ilişkili olduğu renal sempatik aktivitenin hipertansiyon gelişimindeki rolünü ortaya koymuştur.

Günümüzde hipertansiyon kontrolü için sempatik hiperaktiviteyi azaltmak, yeni bir tedavi yöntemi olarak karşımıza çıkıyor. Bu yöntem, geçmişte; seçici olmayan cerrahi sempatektomilerden, selektif renal sempatik denervasyon yapılmasını sağlayan kateter bazlı yöntemlere ilerlemiştir. En son güncel renal denervasyon çalışmaları olan ''SPYRAL HTN-ON MED, SPYRAL HT-OFF MED, RADIANCE HTN-TRIO ve RADIANCE HTN-SOLO'' verileri ışığında gerek radyofrekans aracılı gerekse ultrason bazlı renal denervasyon kateter işlemleri, tedaviye rağmen dirençli hipertansiyonu olan veya ilaç kullanmayan hipertansiyon hastalarında başarılı bulunmuştur. En güncel olarak 2024 ESC hipertansiyon kılavuzunda kateter bazlı renal denervasyon tedavisi; biri diüretik olmak üzere tolere edilebilen maksimal dozda 3 farklı antihipertansif ilaç kombinasyonuna rağmen kan basıncı kontrol altına alınamayan hastalar için, sınıf IIB endikasyonla önerilmektedir. Renal denervasyon sadece hipertansiyon tedavisinde değil; aşırı sempatik aktivitenin rol aldığı böbrek yetmezliği, konjestif kalp yetmezliği, obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu, diyabet ve obezite gibi hastalıkların tedavisinde faydalı olma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu alanlardaki çalışmalar devam etmekte olup yakın gelecekte fikir sahibi olabileceğiz.

Kitabımızda renal denervasyon tedavisini, klinik uygulamadaki yerini ve gelecekteki potansiyel tedavi alanlarını tartıştık. Yazarlarımız, renal denervasyon uygulamaları açısından tecrübeli hekimlerden oluşmaktadır. Yoğun programlarına rağmen özverili katkılarından dolayı tüm yazarlara teşekkür etmek istiyorum. Hastanemizde modern ve yenilikçi tedavilerin uygulanması için her daim önümüzü açan ve imkân sağlayan hocamız Prof. Dr. Mehmet Kaan KIRALİ'ye şükranlarımı sunuyorum. Çalışma arkadaşlarım; hocam Prof. Dr. Ramazan KARGIN, Emrah BAYAM ve Selahattin AKYOL'a destekleri için minnettarım. Kadınlar toplumumuzun baş tacıdır. Bu sebeple sevgili annem ve eşimin ödenmez haklarını vurgulamak istiyorum. Kitabımızın Türkiye Klinikleri tarafından basıma layık bulunması biz yazarlar açısından gurur verici olmuştur. Tüm meslektaşlarıma faydalı olabilme ümidiyle.

Doç. Dr. Anıl AVCI
Editör
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kardiyoloji AD, İstanbul, Türkiye

Günümüzde yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ve mevcut ilaç tedavilerine rağmen kan basıncı kontrol oranı, hedef düzeylerin çok altında kalmaktadır. Kateter bazlı renal denervasyon; farmakokinetik, ilaç uyumu ve dozaj şemalarından bağımsız olarak 24 saat boyunca kan basıncını sürekli olarak kontrol altına alabilen alternatif bir tedavi yaklaşımıdır. Yapılan randomize klinik çalışmalarda renal denervasyonun etkinliği ve güvenliği kanıtlanmıştır. Beraberinde 2023 ESH ve 2024 ESC hipertansiyon rehberleri de renal denervasyonun kullanımını destekleyen olumlu verileri göz önüne alarak renal denervasyona ilişkin görüş ve önerilerini güncelledi. Bu kılavuzlar artık, renal denervasyonun; antihipertansif ilaç kombinasyon tedavisine rağmen kontrol edilemeyen kan basıncına sahip, böbrek fonksiyonu korunmuş hastalarda veya ilaç tedavisinin ciddi yan etkilere ve düşük yaşam kalitesine neden olduğu durumlarda bir tedavi seçeneği olarak düşünülebileceğini belirtiyor. Bu nedenle, klinik uygulamada renal denervasyonun uygulanmasına odaklanma zamanı gelmiştir. Renal denervasyon başta olmak üzere oral alınan ilaçların aksine yeni tedavi stratejileri, hasta bakımını iyileştirmek ve yüksek tansiyonun hastalık yükünü ve mali sonuçlarını azaltmak için muazzam bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu prosedür ne hipertansiyonu iyileştirecek ne de birinci basamak tedavi olacaktır. Fakat kan basıncı kontrolü için mevcut tedavilerden farklı, etkili, güvenli ve tek seferlik uygulanan bir prosedürdür

Bu kitap, bu büyüyen alana son derece iyi değinen eksiksiz bir kaynaktır. Böbrek denervasyonunun tüm yönleri -hipertansiyonun tarihi ve yönetimi hakkında temel bilgilerden sempatik sinir sistemi ilkesine, böbrek denervasyon tekniklerine, klinik deneme verilerine, hasta seçimine ve gelecekteki endikasyonlara kadar- deneyimli operatörler tarafından ele alınmıştır.

Bu güncel prosedürün uygulanmasında büyük katkıları olan Prof. Dr. Kaan KİRALİ hocamıza şükranlarımı sunarım.

Tüm meslektaşlarıma klinik pratiklerinde yol göstermesini temenni ederim.

Doç. Dr. Regayip ZEHİR
Editör
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kardiyoloji AD, İstanbul, Türkiye
High blood pressure remains one of the world's major health problems. Lifestyle, dietary habits and the stress of modern life make hypertension difficult to control in some patients. All pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options for hypertension should be evaluated to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. These treatment options should be evidence-based, effective and safe. Recent histopathological and neuroanatomical studies have demonstrated the role of the sympathetic nervous system and associated renal sympathetic activity in the development of hypertension.

Nowadays, reducing sympathetic hyperactivity is a new treatment modality for hypertension control. This method has evolved from non-selective surgical sympathectomy in the past to catheter-based methods that allow selective renal sympathetic denervation. In light of the latest renal denervation studies ''SPYRAL HTN-ON MED, SPYRAL HT-OFF MED, RADIANCE HTN-TRIO and RADIANCE HTN-SOLO'', both radiofrequency and ultrasound-guided renal denervation catheter procedures have proven successful in patients with refractory hypertension despite treatment or in drug-naive hypertensive patients. Most recently, the 2024 ESC Hypertension Guidelines recommend catheter-based renal denervation therapy with a Class IIB indication for patients whose blood pressure cannot be controlled despite a combination of 3 different antihypertensive drugs, one of which is a diuretic, at the maximum tolerated dose. Renal denervation has the potential to be useful not only in the treatment of hypertension, but also in the treatment of diseases in which excessive sympathetic activity is involved, such as renal failure, congestive heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes and obesity. Studies in these areas are ongoing and we will have an idea in the near future.

In our book, we have discussed renal denervation therapy, its place in clinical practice, and potential future therapeutic areas. Our authors are experienced physicians in renal denervation applications. I would like to thank all the authors for their selfless contributions despite their busy schedules. I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Mehmet Kaan KIRALİ for providing the opportunity to apply modern and innovative treatments in our hospital. I am grateful to my colleagues Professor Ramazan KARGIN, Emrah BAYAM and Selahattin AKYOL for their support. I would like to emphasize the invaluable support of my beloved mother and wife. We are proud that our book was deemed worthy of publication by Türkiye Klinikleri.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Anıl AVCI
Editor
University of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, İstanbul, Türkiye

Despite lifestyle changes and current drug therapies, blood pressure control rates remain well below target levels. Catheter-based renal denervation is an alternative treatment approach that can continuously control blood pressure for 24 hours, regardless of pharmacokinetics, drug compliance, and dosage schedules. The efficacy and safety of renal denervation have been proven in randomized clinical trials. In addition, the 2023 ESH and 2024 ESC hypertension guidelines updated their views and recommendations on renal denervation, considering the positive data supporting the use of renal denervation. These guidelines now state that renal denervation can be considered as a treatment option in patients with uncontrolled blood pressure despite combination antihypertensive drug therapy, those with preserved renal function, or when drug therapy causes serious side effects and poor quality of life. Therefore, it is time to focus on the implementation of renal denervation in clinical practice. New treatment strategies, especially renal denervation, in contrast to oral medications, have tremendous potential to improve patient care and reduce the burden of disease and financial consequences of hypertension. This procedure will neither cure hypertension nor be a firstline treatment. However, it is an effective, safe, and one-time procedure that is different from current treatments for blood pressure control.

This book is a complete resource that covers this growing field very well. All aspects of renal denervation -from the basics of the history and management of hypertension to the sympathetic nervous system principle, renal denervation techniques, clinical trial data, patient selection, and future indications- are covered by experienced operators.

I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. Kaan KIRALİ, who has made great contributions to the implementation of this current procedure.

I hope that it will guide all my colleagues in their clinical practice.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Regayip ZEHİR
Editor
University of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, İstanbul, Türkiye

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