Digital Applications in Dentistry

.: PREFACE
ÖN SÖZ
PREFACE
Prof. Dr. Fulya TOKSOY TOPÇU
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Gülhane Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Restoratif Diş Tedavisi AD, Ankara, Türkiye
Article Language: TR
Dijital diş hekimliği; önemli teknolojik gelişmeler, daha hızlı ve daha doğru teşhis, daha erişilebilir tedavi ve hasta yönetimi yoluyla diş tedavisinde devrim yaratmıştır. Bu devrimin kökleri, bilgisayar tabanlı teknolojilerin ortaya çıkışına ve 20. yüzyılın sonlarında diş hekimliğinde ilk uygulamalarına ve kullanımlarına kadar uzanmaktadır. Özellikle 1985 yılında Bilgisayar Destekli Tasarım ve Bilgisayar Destekli Üretim (CAD/CAM) teknolojisinin kullanılmaya başlanmasıyla birlikte, Zürih Üniversitesi'nden Dr. Werner Mörmann ve Dr. Marco Brandestini, CEREC'i geliştirmiştir. Bu sistem, kuron ve kaplama gibi diş restorasyonlarının dişhekimi muayenehanesinde çok daha kolay bir şekilde oluşturulmasını sağlayarak bu prosedürler için harcanan zamanı ve çabayı azalttı. 1971 yılında Robert Ledley tarafından geliştirilen ilk bilgisayar kontrollü frezeleme cihazları gibi çeşitli icatlar ve yenilikler, 90'lı yıllarda dental prosedürlere öncülük etti. Bunu takiben dental kullanım için ilk 3D yazıcı ve tek bir seansta kolayca özel restorasyonlar oluşturmak için dijital görüntüleme ve CAD/CAM teknolojisinin kullanılması, işlem süresini ve karmaşıklığını önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır.

2000'li yıllarda, 3D görüntülemenin yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte, Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (CBCT) gibi teknolojiler norm hâline geldi ve dişlerin, çenelerin ve çevre yapıların ayrıntılı üç boyutlu görüntülerini sağlayarak implant yerleştirme ve ortodonti dahil olmak üzere çok daha karmaşık vakalar için teşhis ve tedavi planlamasını yeniden şekillendirdi. Dijital ölçü almak için kullanılan ağız içi tarayıcılar da aynı dönemde önemli gelişmeler kaydetti. 2000'li yılların ortalarında tarayıcılar, dişlerin 3D görüntüsünü oluşturmak için lazer ışınlarını kullanan konfokal mikroskopi adı verilen bir teknik kullanmaya başladı. Bu, daha hızlı ve çok daha doğru tarama yapılmasını sağladı. 2000'lerin sonlarında tarayıcılar gelişmeye devam etti ve bazıları dişlerin 3D şeklini daha iyi yakalamak için diş hekimliğinde dijital baskılar için birçok ağız içi tarayıcı kullanılmaya başlandı.

Günümüzde, teknolojinin aşırı hızla ilerlemesiyle birlikte, yapay zeka ve makine öğrenimi algoritmaları da teşhis, tedavi planlaması ve hatta bazı durumlarda robotik cerrahiye yardımcı olmak için dijital diş hekimliğinde giderek daha fazla kullanılmaktadır. Yapay zekâ, kişiselleştirilmiş tedavi önerileri veya çözümleri sunmak için büyük hacimli hasta verilerini hızla analiz edebilir ve düzenleyebilir. Dijital Gülüş Tasarımı (DSD), Teledentistry, Artırılmış Gerçeklik (AR) ve Sanal Gerçeklik (VR) teknolojilerinin dünya çapında kullanımında artışlar görülmektedir. Teknolojideki gelişmeler bize, gelecekte dijital diş hekimliği makine tabanlı programların ve yapay zekânın; hastanın genlerine, yaşamına ve ağız mikrobiyomuna dayalı kişiselleştirilmiş ve öngörücü bakıma daha fazla odaklanmada önemli bir rol oynayacağını göstermektedir. Bu kitapta, teknolojinin, ''Dijital Diş Hekimliği'nin hem geleceği hem de geçmişi üzerindeki etkisinden bahsettik.

Prof. Dr. Fulya TOKSOY TOPÇU
Editör
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Gülhane Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Restoratif Diş Tedavisi AD, Ankara, Türkiye
Digital dentistry has revolutionized dental care through significant technological advancements, faster and more accurate diagnostics, more accessible treatment, and patient management. The roots of this revolution can be traced back to the advent of computer-based technologies and their initial applications and usage in dentistry during the late 20th century. Especially with the introduction of Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology later in 1985, Dr. Werner Mörmann and Dr. Marco Brandestini at the University of Zurich developed CEREC. This system allowed for a much easier creation of dental restorations, such as crowns and veneers, within the dental office, reducing the time and effort for these procedures. In the 90s, various inventions and innovations, such as the first computer-controlled dental drill in 1971 by Robert Ledley, enhanced incredible precision in dental procedures. Followed by the first 3D printer for dental use and the utilization of digital imaging and CAD/CAM technology to easily create custom restorations in a single visit reduced the procedure time and complexity significantly.

In the 2000s, with the popularization of 3D imaging, technologies such as Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) became the norm, providing detailed three-dimensional images of the teeth, jaws, and surrounding structures, reforming diagnostics and treatment planning for much more complex cases, including implant placement and orthodontics. Intraoral scanners, which are used to capture digital impressions, also underwent crucial improvements over the same period. In the mid-2000s, scanners began to use a technique called confocal microscopy that uses laser beams to create a 3D image of the teeth. This allowed for faster and much more accurate scanning. In the late 2000s, scanners continued to evolve, with some starting to use triangulation, a key technology used in many intraoral scanners for digital impressions in dentistry to capture the teeth 3D shape beter.

Today, with the extreme speed at which technology is advancing, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms are also being increasingly used in digital dentistry in order to assist with diagnosis, treatment planning, and, in some cases, even robotic surgery. AI can rapidly analyze and organize vast volumes of patient data to provide personalized treatment recommendations or solutions. Digital Smile Design (DSD), Teledentistry, Augmented Reality (AR), and Virtual Reality (VR) Technologies are seeing increases in their usage worldwide. Improvements in technology show us that in the future, digital dentistry machine-based programs and AI will be playing a pivotal role in focusing more on personalized and predictive care based on the patient's genes, life, and oral microbiome.In this book, we talked about the impact technology has on both the future and the past of ''Digital Dentistry''.

Prof. Dr. Fulya TOKSOY TOPÇU
Editor
University of Health Sciences Gülhane Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Türkiye

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