Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

.: PREFACE
ÖN SÖZ
PREFACE
Prof. Dr. Ayşe Hande ARSLANa, Doç. Dr. Güle ÇINARb
aBaşkent Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji AD, Ankara, Türkiye
bAnkara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji AD, Ankara, Türkiye
Article Language: TR
Değerli okuyucu,

Hematopoietik kök hücre nakli (HKHN); hematopoietik progenitör hücrelerin, herhangi bir kaynaktan (kemik iliği, umblikal kord kanı, periferik kan) veya donörden (allojenik veya otolog) kemik iliğini yeniden canlandırmak için verilmesini takiben kemoterapi veya radyoterapiyi (hazırlayıcı rejim) kapsayan bir dizi işlemdir. HKHN, kendi kendine yenileme kapasitesinde azalma, proliferasyon veya farklılaşma kapasitelerinde artma sürecine giren hücreler için oldukça önemli bir tedavi sürecidir. HKHN, hematolojik neoplazmları, non-malign kemik iliği hastalıklarını ve metabolizma bozukluklarını tedavi etmek amacıyla sık kullanılmaktadır. Dünyada yılda 40.000'den fazla HKHN gerçekleşmektedir. HKHN'de eğer nakil amaçlı kişinin kendi kan hücreleri kullanılıyorsa ''otolog kök hücre nakli'' şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Sağlıklı bir başka bağışçıdan alınan kök hücreler ile nakil yapılıyorsa ''allojenik kök hücre nakli'' şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Dünyada ilk allojenik HKHN 1968'de Gatti ve ark. tarafından, otolog nakil ise Appelboum ve ark. tarafından 1978'de yapılmıştır. Türkiye' de ilk allojenik nakil 1985'te otolog nakil ise 1984'te yapılmıştır. HKHN alıcıları immün sağlam bireylere göre bakteriyel, fungal, paraziter ya da viral enfeksiyonların gelişmesi açısından daha yüksek risk altındadır. Bu komplikasyonlar mortalite açısından oldukça riskli olup erken tanı için yakın takip ve tarama programları önerilmektedir. HKHN sonrası enfeksiyon riski özellikle allojenik kök hücre nakil hastalarında daha fazla olmak üzere, HKHN tipine, nakil sonrası geçen süreye, nakille ilgili diğer komplikasyonların varlığına, immün yetmezlik derecesine, patojenlere maruz kalma durumu gibi birçok farklı faktöre bağlıdır.

Bu faktörleri bilmek, doğru ve erken vakitte doğru tanıyı ön görüp hızlıca müdahale etmek bu hasta grubunun morbidite ve mortalitesinin azaltılmasına çok büyük katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu amaçla Türk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları (KLİMİK) Derneği bünyesinde kurmuş olduğumuz Nakil İlişkili İnfeksiyonlar Çalışma Grubu (KLİMİK/NİÇG) bu hastalara hizmet verecek hekimlerin bilgi düzeyini arttırmak amaçlı çeşitli etkinliklerde bulunmaktadır. Türkiye Klinikleri ''Organ Naklinde Sık Görülen Enfeksiyonlar'' kitabı da bu etkinliklerden birisidir. Bu konu iki kitap olarak düzenlenmiştir. Birinci kitapta organ nakli enfeksiyonları irdelenmiş olup, bu ikinci kitapta ise hematopoietik nakillerden sonra gelişen enfeksiyonlar irdelenecektir. Toplum sağlığına katkı sağlayacağını düşündüğümüz bu kitapları okuyucuyla paylaşmamızı sağlayan Türkiye Klinikleri'ne çok içten teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

Prof. Dr. Ayşe Hande ARSLAN
Editör
KLİMİK/NİÇG Adına Çalışma Grubu Başkanı, İstanbul, Türkiye

Doç. Dr. Güle ÇINAR
Editör
KLİMİK/NİÇG Adına Çalışma Grubu Yürütme Kurulu Üyesi, İstanbul, Türkiye
Dear reader,

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a series of procedures that involve the administration of hematopoietic progenitor cells from any source (bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, peripheral blood) or donor (allogeneic or autologous) to revitalize the bone marrow, followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy (preparative regimen). HSCT is a very important treatment process for cells that have decreased their self-renewal capacity and increased proliferation or differentiation capacity. HSCT is frequently used to treat hematological neoplasms, non-malignant bone marrow diseases and metabolic disorders. More than 40,000 HSCTs are performed annually in the world. If the person's own blood cells are used for transplantation in HSCT, it is defined as 'autologous stem cell transplantation'. If the transplant is performed with stem cells taken from another healthy donor, it is defined as 'allogeneic stem cell transplantation'. The first allogeneic HSCT in the world was performed by Gatti and his colleagues in 1968, and autologous transplantation was performed by Appelboum and his colleagues in 1978. The first allogeneic transplantation in Turkey was performed in 1985 and autologous transplantation in 1984. HSCT recipients are at higher risk of developing bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral infections compared to immune-competent individuals. These complications are quite risky in terms of mortality, and close follow-up and screening programs are recommended for early diagnosis. The risk of infection after HSCT depends on many different factors, especially in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients, such as the type of HSCT, the time elapsed after transplantation, the presence of other complications related to transplantation, the degree of immune deficiency, and exposure to pathogens. Knowing these factors, predicting the correct diagnosis at an early time, and intervening quickly will greatly contribute to reducing morbidity and mortality in this patient group. For this purpose, the Transplantation-related infections working group (KLIMIK/NICG) that we have established within the KLIMIK association carries out various activities to increase the knowledge level of physicians who will provide service to these patients. The book of the Türkiye Klinikleri ''Common Infections in Organ Transplantation'' is one of these activities. This subject is organized in two books. In the first book, organ transplant infections were examined, and in this second book, infections that develop after hematopoietic transplants will be discussed. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Türkiye Klinikleri for allowing us to share these books with the reader, which we believe will contribute to public health.

Prof. Dr. Ayşe Hande ARSLAN
Editor
Chair of the Working Group on Behalf of KLIMIK/NICG, İstanbul, Türkiye

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güle ÇINAR
Editor
Executive Board Member of the Working Group on Behalf of KLIMIK/NICG, İstanbul, Türkiye

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