Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias

.: PREFACE
ÖN SÖZ
PREFACE
Prof. Dr. Vesile ÖZTÜRKa, Prof. Dr. Şebnem BIÇAKCIb
aDokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Nöroloji AD, İzmir Türkiye
bÇukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Nöroloji AD, Adana, Türkiye
Article Language: TR
Değerli meslektaşlarım,

Başağrısı toplumda çok sık yaşanan ve hekime başvuru nedeni olan ana bir semptomdur. Primer ve sekonder olarak iki ana başlıkta değerlendirilmekte olup, primer başağrıları migren, gerilim tipi başağrısı, küme başağrısı (KBA) ve diğer trigeminal otonomik başağrıları (TOBA) ve diğer primer başağrıları olarak alt gruplara ayrılmaktadır. Antik çağlardan beri varlığının bilindiğine ilişkin çok sayıda ve net işaretlerin bulunduğu birinci başlıkta yer alan migrenin aksine, KBA ve diğer TOBA'ların farklı bir başağrısı olarak tanımlanması, çok daha yakın bir geçmişe sahiptir. Özellikle KBA, migren ile çok sık karışmakta, diğer TOBA'lar ise genellikle uzun süre tanı alamamaktadır. TOBA'larda ağrının çok şiddetli olması ve akut ve profilaktik tedavinin diğer başağrılarından farklı olması nedeniyle erken tanı ve doğru tedavi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ancak ne yazık ki bu grup başağrılarında hekimler hatta nöroloji uzmanları arasındaki farkındalık, olması gerekenin çok altındadır, bu grup hastalar tedavi şansını hâlâ etkin olarak kullanamamaktadır. Bu durum, TOBA grubu içinde görece sık görülen KBA için bile gerçekliğini sürdürmektedir. Klinik özelliklerin çok tipik olması nedeniyle çoktan seçmeli sınavlarda kolayca tanınan bu grup için gerçek yaşam hiç de böyle olmamakta, doğru tedaviye ulaşmak hastanın aylarını yıllarını almakta ve yaşam kalitesini ciddi boyutta bozmaktadır. Tablo epizodikten, kronik ya da refrakter hâle dönüşmektedir. Migren gibi sık rastlanan başağrılarına göre oldukça nadir rastlanması, tıp fakültesi ve uzmanlık eğitiminde başağrısına ayrılan zamanın yeterli olmaması, sınırlı eğitim süresince TOBA'ya değil, sık rastlanan birincil başağrılarına odaklanılması ve tıp eğitiminin standardize olmaması bu durumun başlıca nedenleri arasındadır. Tanı hâlâ sadece iyi bir anamnez, muayene ve sekonder nedenlerin dışlanması ile gerçekleşmektedir. Bu grup hastaya uzun yıllarını vermiş bizler için ise, hastanın doğru yönetilmesi, diğer başağrılarında olduğu gibi ''hastaya zaman ver, kendini güncelle, tedaviyi bireyselleştir, onunla bu kronik yolculuğu sürdür'' mottosundan oluşmaktadır.

Bu kitap, nöroloji uzmanlarına ve özellikle başağrısına ilgi duyan genç meslektaşlarımıza rehber olması amacıyla planlanmıştır. KBA ve diğer TOBA'lar ayrıntılı bir şeklide ele alınmıştır. Uzun yıllardır bu alanda emek vermiş olan Türk Nöroloji Derneği Başağrısı Çalışma Grubu'nun değerli üyelerinin titiz çalışmalarının ürünüdür. Bu kitabın oluşmasında emeği geçen tüm başağrısı uzmanlarına sonsuz teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

Başta KBA olmak üzere tüm TOBA hastalarının gecikmeden hak ettikleri tanı ve tedaviye bir an önce kavuşmalarını sağlayan özel bir kaynak olması dileğiyle...

Sevgi ve saygılarımızla.

Prof. Dr. Vesile ÖZTÜRK
Editör
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Nöroloji AD, İzmir, Türkiye

Prof. Dr. Şebnem BIÇAKCI
Editör
Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Nöroloji AD, Adana, Türkiye
Dear Colleagues,

Headache is a very common symptom in society and a reason for consulting a physician. It is evaluated under two main headings as primary and secondary, and primary headaches are divided into subgroups as migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache (CH) and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TOC) and other primary headaches. Unlike migraine, which is included in the first heading and has many clear signs that its existence has been known since ancient times, the definition of CH and other TOCs as a different headache has a much more recent history. Especially CH is very often confused with migraine, and other TOCs are generally not diagnosed for a long time. Early diagnosis and correct treatment are of great importance in TOCs because the pain is very severe and acute and prophylactic treatment is different from other headaches. Unfortunately, however, the awareness among physicians and even neurologists regarding this group of headaches is far below what it should be, and this group of patients still cannot use the treatment opportunity effectively. This situation continues to be true even for CH, which is relatively common in the TOC group. Real life is not like this for this group, which is easily recognized in multiple-choice exams due to the very typical clinical features, and reaching the right treatment takes months or years for the patient, seriously impairing their quality of life. The condition changes from episodic to chronic or refractory. The fact that it is quite rare compared to common headaches such as migraine, the time allocated to headache in medical school and specialty training is insufficient, the focus is not on TOC during the limited training period, but on common primary headaches, and the lack of standardization in medical training are among the main reasons for this situation. Diagnosis is still only possible with a good anamnesis, examination, and exclusion of secondary causes. For us who have devoted many years to this group of patients, the correct management of the patient, as in other headaches, consists of the motto ''give the patient time, update yourself, individualize the treatment, continue this chronic journey with him/her''.

This book was planned to be a guide for neurology specialists and our young colleagues who are particularly interested in headache. CH and other TOCs are discussed in detail. It is the product of the meticulous work of the valuable members of the Headache Scientific Working Group of the the Turkish Neurological Society who have worked in this field for many years. We would like to express our endless gratitude to all headache specialists who contributed to the creation of this book.

We hope that it will be a special resource that allows all TOC patients, especially CH, to get the diagnosis and treatment they deserve without delay...

Sincerely.

Prof. Dr. Vesile ÖZTÜRK
Editor
Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Izmir, Türkiye

Prof. Dr. Şebnem BIÇAKCI
Editor
Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Adana, Türkiye

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