Bone Marrow Failure in Children

.: PREFACE
ÖN SÖZ
PREFACE
Prof. Dr. Namık Yaşar ÖZBEK
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Ankara Bilkent Şehir Hastanesi, Çocuk Hematolojisi ve Onkolojisi BD, Ankara, Türkiye
Article Language: TR
Konjenital kemik iliği yetersizlikleri, çocukluk çağında görece olarak nadir rastlanan bir hastalık grubudur. Bu hastalıkların ana bulgusu; kemik iliğindeki hücre serilerinin tekli ya da çoklu şekilde yetersiz üretimidir. Kemik iliği yetersizliğine genellikle fiziksel anomaliler eşlik etmekte, bu fiziksel farklılıklar yıllardır tanıda en önemli ipuçlarını oluşturmaktadır. Kemik iliği yetersizliğiyle birlikte izlenen belirgin fiziksel anomaliler Fanconi aplastik anemisi gibi bazı hastalıklarda tanı koydurucu rol oynarken, bazı hastalıklarda bu iki özellik de var olmasına karşın kesin tanıda güçlükler yaşanmaktadır. MECOM sendromu gibi hastalıklarda fiziksel anomali ancak iyi bir muayeneyle açığa çıkarılabilmektedir. Son zamanlarda, genetik bilimindeki gelişmeyle paralel olarak bu hastalıkların çoğuna tanı konması ve özelliklerinin belirlenmesi mümkün hâle gelmiş, sonuç olarak hastalıklar daha iyi anlaşılır bir hâle gelmiştir. Bugün bu hastalıkların sınıflanmasında fiziksel özelliklerin yanı sıra genetik özellikler de göz önüne alınmaktadır.

Yukarıda da belirtildiği gibi, daha önce tek bir nedene bağlı olduğu düşünülen bu hastalıkların altında çok farklı nedenlerin yattığı, özgün genetik bozuklukların tanımlanmasıyla daha iyi anlaşılmıştır. Bu nedenler, DNA tamir bozukluklarından immün regülasyon bozukluğuna kadar geniş bir yelpazede yer almaktadır. Hastalıkların genetik nedenlerinin ve buna bağlı gelişen patofizyolojik bozuklukların anlaşılması, tedavinin daha doğru düzenlenmesine ve yeni tedavi seçeneklerinin geliştirilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu tedavi seçeneklerinden en önemlisi gen tedavisi olup, yakın gelecekte birçok nadir genetik hastalığın bu yolla tedavi edilebileceği öngörülebilir. Ayrıca bu hastalarda önemli bir tedavi seçeneği olan kemik iliği naklinin hangi koşullarda, ne zaman, hangi yoğunluktaki hazırlık rejimleriyle uygulanması gerektiği de kesin tanının konulmasıyla gerçekleşebilir. Nadir genetik hastalıklar, normal fizyolojiyi öğrenmemize de büyük katkıda bulunmakta, hücredeki ve organizmadaki normal döngünün nasıl işlediği hakkında bize bilgi vermektedir.

Bu kitapta; ülkemizdeki çocuk hematoloji bilim dalının değerli bilim insanlarının en son gelişmeler ışığında oluşturdukları derlemeler yer almaktadır. Bu hastalıkların bilinmesi, akraba evliliklerinin, dolayısıyla da nadir genetik hastalıkların sık olduğu ülkemizde büyük önem taşımaktadır. Dolayısıyla, bu derlemelerin tıp öğrencisinden öğretim üyesine kadar her aşamadaki hekime yarar sağlayacağı inancındayım.

Saygılarımla.

Prof. Dr. Namık Yaşar ÖZBEK
Editör
Congenital bone marrow failures are relatively rare diseases in childhood. Major finding of these disoders is insufficient production of one or more cell lines in the bone marrow. Usually, physical anomalies, important clues for the diagnosis for several years, accompany bone marrow failure. In some patients these anomalies may be diagnostic like Fanconi aplastic anemia, however, in some patients they may be indistinct to make a diagnosis. In some disorders, such as MECOM syndrome, diagnosis can only be made with a very careful physical examination. Recently, in parallel with the advancement in the field of genetics, making diagnosis in these patients has been easier. This advancement ameliorated the knowledge concerning these very rare disorders. Today, genetic information as well as physical and laboratory findings has been included in the classification.

By definition of spesific genetic defects, it is well known that these disorders have very different ethiologic factors. They are distributed from DNA repair defects to immune dysregulation. Knowledge about genetic factors and pathophysiologic changes due to these defects helps the physicians to arrange the treatment properly, as well as it may guide investigations of new therapeutics. One of the most exciting treatment would be gene therapy in the near future. Furthermore, these findings would prompt us to adjust conditioning regimens in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To understand the rare genetic disorders are also very useful to find out how normal cell and organism work.

In this book, you will find manuscripts concerning recent findings in congenital bone marrow failures written by distinguished scholars in the field of pediatric hematology in our country. We believe, knowledge about these disorders is very important in our country where relative marriages are frequent. We hope these articles would be useful for medical students as well as pediatric hematologists.

Sincerely.

Prof. Dr. Namık Yaşar ÖZBEK
Editor

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