Processing and Analysis of Medical Images

.: PREFACE
ÖN SÖZ
PREFACE
Prof. Dr. Mustafa Ersel KAMAŞAKa, Prof. Dr. Behçet Uğur TÖREYİNa
a İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Bilgisayar ve Bilişim Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
Article Language: TR
Tıbbi görüntüleme; sağlık taraması, tanı ve tedavi gibi sağlık hizmetlerinin birçok alanında her geçen gün önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Çok sayıda görüntüleme türü, farklı pek çok hastalığın tanısında ve tedavi sürecinin şekillendirilmesinde altın standart olarak kullanılmaktadır.

Tıbbi görüntüleme sistemlerinin kullanımındaki darboğaz, bir zamanlar cihazlara erişim güçlüğünden kaynaklanmaktaydı. Ancak, donanım ve bilişim sistemlerinin hızlı gelişimi sayesinde görüntüleme cihazlarına erişim kolaylaştı. Bu süreçte üretilen aylık tıbbi görüntü sayısı da hızlı şekilde artmıştır. Günümüzde ise görüntüleme sistemlerinin ürettiği verileri tıbbi açıdan değerlendirecek uzmanların eksikliği hissedilmektedir. Bu eksiklik sebebiyle tıbbi görüntüleri değerlendiren uzmanların iş yükü giderek artmaktadır. Gelecekte bu uzmanların iş yükünün daha da artacağını ve eksikliklerinin daha fazla hissedileceğini değerlexndirmekteyiz.

Tıbbı görüntüleme alanındaki uzman iş yükününün hafifletilmesi amacıyla görüntü işleme ve analizine yönelik çok sayıda bilimsel çalışma gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmaların pek çok çıktısı klinik sertifikasyon süreçlerinden geçmiş ve klinik kullanımlarına başlanmıştır. Sağlık alanında bu tür araçların doğru şekilde kullanımının sağlık eğitiminde kendine yer bulacağını öngörmekteyiz. Gelecekte uzmanların görüntü işleme ve yapay zeka teknolojilerini klinik rutinlerinde bir araç olarak kullanacağını değerlendirmekteyiz.

Bu kitabın amacı, tıbbi görüntülerin işlenmesi ve analizine ilişkin güncel yaklaşımlardan oluşan bir seçki sunmaktır. Kitapta sunulan yöntemlerin ötesinde, tıbbi görüntülerin analizine yönelik çok sayıda farklı uygulamanın ve yaklaşımın geliştirilmekte olduğunu belirtmek isteriz. Tıbbi görüntülerin otomatik analizi alanında gelecekte çok heyecanlı gelişmeler olacağını öngörmekteyiz.

Tıbbi görüntülerin işlenmesi ve analizine yönelik beş ayrı konunun ele alındığı kitabın ''Mamografi ve Tomosentez Görüntülerinin İşlenmesi ve Analizi'' başlıklı ilk bölümünde; meme görüntülemesinde yaygın olarak kullanılan mamografi ve tomosentez görüntüleme sistemlerinin çalışma prensipleri ile söz konusu görüntü işleme ve analiz tekniklerine ilişkin güncel gelişmeler sunulmaktadır.

''Non-invaziv Görüntülerde Makine Öğrenimi ile Deri Kanseri Analizi'' başlıklı ikinci bölümde; en yaygın kanser türlerinden olan deri kanserinin teşhisinde güncel görüntü işleme ve makine öğrenmesi yaklaşımları paylaşılmaktadır.

''Aydınlık Alan Optik Mikroskop Görüntülerinin Analizi'' başlıklı üçüncü bölümde ise; ışık mikroskobu yardımıyla sitogenetik örneklerdeki metafaz öbeklerini otomatik olarak tespit ederek karyotip tablosunun ve sitogenetik raporunun üretilmesini sağlayan bir dizi yaklaşım tanıtılmaktadır

Histopatoloji görüntülerinin elde edilişi, bölütlenmesi, sınıflandırılması ve derecelendirilmesinin ele alındığı dördüncü bölümde; bu alandaki güncel yaklaşımlar sunulmaktadır.

Kitabın ''Tıbbi Görüntüler Üzerinden Kemik Şekil Yapılarının Bilgisayar Destekli Analizi: Kalça Eklemi Üzerine Araştırmalar'' başlıklı son bölümünde ise; kalça eklemi ve proksimal femura ilişkin şekil analizi amacıyla kullanılan görüntü işleme ve analizi yaklaşımları sunulmaktadır.

Bu kitabın hazırlanması sırasında alanlarındaki bilgileri özenle aktaran bölüm yazarı araştırmacılara, bu fırsatı bize sunarak süreç boyunca her türlü desteği sabırla veren Türkiye Klinikleri Yazı İşleri Servisi'ne teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

Kitabın, tıbbi görüntüleme alanında çalışan uzmanlar ile konuya ilgi duyan araştırmacılara yararlı olmasını dileriz.

Prof. Dr. Mustafa Ersel KAMAŞAK
Editör

Prof. Dr. Behçet Uğur TÖREYİN
Editör
Medical imaging is making significant contributions to medical screening, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in many areas of health care. Numerous imaging modalities are used as the gold standard for diagnosing and shaping the treatment of various diseases.

The bottleneck in the use of medical imaging systems used to be the difficulty in accessing the devices. However, thanks to the rapid development of hardware and information systems, access to imaging devices has become easier. Consequently, the number of monthly medical images produced has also increased rapidly. Nowadays, there is a shortage of medical experts who can evaluate the data produced by imaging systems. Due to this shortage, the workload of experts who evaluate medical images is increasing. We believe that the workload of these specialists will increase even more in the future and their shortage will be felt even more.

To alleviate the workload of specialists in the field of medical imaging, many studies on image processing and analysis are being carried out and available in the scientific literature. Outcomes and products resulting from these studies have passed clinical certification processes and have started to be used clinically. We anticipate that the correct medical use of such tools will find its place in medical education. In the future, experts will use image processing and artificial intelligence technologies as a tool in their clinical routines.

The aim of this book is to present a small selection of recent approaches in medical image processing and analysis. We would like to point out that many different applications and approaches in medical image processing and analysis are being developed beyond the methods presented in the book. We foresee many exciting developments in the field of automated analysis of medical images in the future.

This book covers five different topics on medical image processing and analysis organized as separate chapters. The first chapter of the book, ''Processing and Analysis of Mammography and Tomosynthesis Images'' presents the working principles of mammography and tomosynthesis imaging systems comProf. Dr. Mustafa Ersel KAMAŞAK Editor Prof. Dr. Behçet Uğur TÖREYİN Editor monly used in breast imaging. Furthermore, the chapter summarizes recent advances in mammography and tomosynthesis image processing and analysis techniques.

In the second chapter, entitled ''Machine Learning for in-vivo Imaging in Skin Cancer Analysis'', recent image processing and machine learning approaches in the diagnosis of skin cancer, one of the most common types of cancer, are presented.

The third chapter, ''Bright-field Optical Microscope Image Analysis'', introduces a series of approaches that automatically detect metaphase clusters in cytogenetic samples using bright-field microscopy to generate karyotype tables and cytogenetic reports.

The fourth chapter, which deals with the acquisition, segmentation, classification, and grading of histopathology images, presents current approaches in this field.

Finally, the last chapter, entitled ''Computer-based Analysis of Bone Shape Structures from Medical Images: Research Studies on Hip Joint'', presents image processing and analysis approaches used for shape analysis of the hip joint and proximal femur.

We would like to express our gratitude to all authors who have diligently conveyed their knowledge in their fields during the preparation of this book, and to the ''Türkiye Klinikleri'' editorial service for giving us this opportunity and patiently providing all kinds of support throughout the preparation process.

We hope that this book will be useful for specialists working in the field of medical imaging and researchers interested in the subject.

Prof. Dr. Mustafa Ersel KAMAŞAK
Editor

Prof. Dr. Behçet Uğur TÖREYİN
Editor

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