Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
''Ne Bilir Kadın Oyun Oynamayı?'': Kadın Oyuncuların E-Spor Deneyimleri
''What Woman Know How to Play Games?'': E-Sports Experiences of Women Players
Ayşegül Funda ALPa, Gökhan ÇAKMAKb, Müge SARPER KAHVECİa
aKocaeli Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Eğitimi Bölümü, Kocaeli, TÜRKİYE
bKocaeli Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Spor Yöneticiliği Bölümü, Kocaeli, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2020;12(3):322-9
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2020-73698
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Erkek ve kadın bireylere, biyolojik cinsiyetlerinden bağımsız olarak yaşadıkları toplumun inançları, değerleri ve kültürlerine göre toplumsal bir cinsiyet rolü atfedilmektedir. Toplumdaki değişimlerin gözlemlenebileceği ortamlardan biri de spordur. Gelişen teknolojilerle birlikte geleneksel sporlara ek olarak 'e-spor' kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. E-sporda da geleneksel sporların çoğunda olduğu gibi erkek egemen bir yapı mevcuttur. Bu araştırma kadın e-sporcuların oyun oynadıkları süreler zarfında karşılaştıkları zorlukları, deneyimleri ve esporcu olmalarının çevrelerince nasıl algılandığını araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmada bireylerin davranışlarını, algılarını ve deneyimlerini incelemeye ve anlamaya imkân sunduğu için nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından fenomenoloji kullanılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Örnekleme yöntemi olarak amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların kadın olması ve lisanslı e-spor oyuncusu olması ölçüt olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya yaşları 17-28 arasında değişen, 1-13 yıldır e-spor oyunları oynayan toplam 13 kadın e-spor oyuncusu katılmıştır. Veriler, yapılandırılmış görüşme formu tekniğiyle elde edilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı belirli kısıtlılıklar nedeni ile Google Formlar aracılığıyla gönderilmiş ve toplanmıştır. Veri analizinde betimsel ve içerik analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Veriler, araştırmacı çeşitliliği için 2 araştırmacı tarafından ayrı ayrı analiz edilmiş ve fikir birliğine varana kadar danışılmıştır. Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgular 27 kod, 9 kategori ve 3 tema altında toplanmıştır. Bu temalar 'e-sporda kadın olmanın avantajları', 'e-sporda kadın olmanın dezavantajları' ve 'aile ve çevrenin bakış açısı' olarak belirlemiştir. Sonuç: Kadın e-spor oyuncularının diğer geleneksel sporlarda sıkça görüldüğü gibi hakarete ve dışlanmaya maruz kaldığı, günlük hayatta karşılaşılan toplumsal cinsiyet normlarının e-spor ortamına yansıtıldığı, ailenin ve çevrenin başarıya ve maddi kazanç durumuna göre bakış açılarının değiştiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler: E-spor; kadın; toplumsal cinsiyet; nitel araştırma
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Male and female individuals are assigned a gender role according to their beliefs, values and cultures, regardless of their biological gender. One of the areas where changes in society can be observed is sport. With the developing technologies, the concept of e-sport has emerged in addition to traditional sports. In esports, there is a male-dominated structure as in most traditional sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the difficulties, experiences and perceptions of being a woman e-sport players. Phenomenology, one of the qualitative research approaches, has been used in this study since it allows to examine and understand behaviors, perceptions and experiences of individuals. Material and Methods: Criterion sampling, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used as the sampling method. It is determined as criterion that the participants to be female and licensed e-sports players. A total of 13 female e-sports players, aged between 17-28, playing esports games for 1-13 years, participated in the study. The data were obtained by structured interview form technique. The data collection tool was sent and collected via Google Forms due to certain restrictions. Descriptive and content analysis was used in data analysis. The data were analyzed separately by the two researchers for the diversity of the researchers and consulted until the consensus reached. Results: The findings were collected under 27 codes, 9 categories and 3 themes. These themes have been defined as 'advantages of being a woman in e-sport', 'disadvantages of being a woman in e-sport' and 'perspective of family and environment'. Conclusion: As a result, it was seen that female e-sport players were exposed to insult and exclusion as seen in other traditional sports, and gender norms encountered in daily life were reflected in the e-sport environment. It was also found that the perspective of the family and the environment changed according to the success and financial gain.

Keywords: E-sport; woman; gender; qualitative research
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