Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology

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Miyopi ve İnflamasyon
Myopia and Inflammation: Review
Seyhan DİKCİa, Elif Betül TÜRKOĞLUb, Turgut YILMAZa, Pamuk Betül ULUCANa
aGöz Hastalıkları AD, İnönü Üniversitesi Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi, Malatya
bGöz Hastalıkları AD, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Antalya
Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol. 2015;24(4):265-71
doi: 10.5336/ophthal.2015-45604
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Göz; ''immün ayrıcalıklı'' bir organ olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu özellik açısından arka segmentte retina pigment epiteli (RPE) önemli rol oynamaktadır. Yaşa bağlı makula dejenerasyonu, koryoretinal hastalıklar ve otoimmün retinopatiler inflamasyonun etkili olduğu düşünülen arka segment hastalıklarındandır. Beyaz nokta sendromları olarak bilinen ve retina dış segmenti, RPE ve koroidin etkilendiği bir grup hastalıkla miyopinin birlikte olduğu bilinmekte ve bu grupta inflamatuar koroidal neovaskülarizasyon sık olarak gelişmektedir. Bu gruptan özellikle multifokal koroidit ve multipl geçici beyaz nokta sendromu ile miyopinin sıkı bir birlikteliğinin olduğu bilinmektedir. Miyopik gözlerdeki belirli yapısal değişikliklerden kaynaklanan koryokapillaris frajilite artışının bilinmeyen immünogenetik faktörlerin etkisiyle birlikte miyopik gözleri inflamatuar hastalıklara yatkın hâle getirdiği düşünülmektedir. Bununla birlikte inflamasyonun kendisine ve/veya tedavisine bağlı olarak hastalarda genellikle geçici miyopi gelişebilmekte ve yüksek miyopik gözlerde inflamasyonun miyopiyi indükleyen kendine has sonuçlarının olduğu bilinmektedir. Kortikosteroid ile sülfonamid ve türevi olan ilaçlara bağlı lens-iris diyaframında meydana gelen değişikliklerden dolayı geçici miyopi gelişmektedir. Yüksek miyopik gözlerde makulada RPE, koryokapillaris, büyük koroidal damarlar ve fotoreseptör kaybına neden olabilen Bruch membran defektleri olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu gözlerde sklera ve koroid kalınlığı azalmakta ve incelmiş skleranın, inflamasyonun etkisiyle direncinin daha da azalmasıyla miyopide artış meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, miyopi ve inflamasyon arasındaki bu karmaşık ilişki sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Koroidal yeniden damarlanma; koroidit; inflamasyon; miyopi; miyopi, dejeneratif
ABSTRACT
The eye is known as an organ with ''immune privilege''. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the posterior segment plays an important role in this privilege. Age-related macula degeneration, chorioretinal disorders and autoimmune retinopathies are among the posterior segment disorders where inflammation is though to be effective. The concurrence of myopia with a group of disorders named white dot syndromes that affect the retinal outer segment, RPE and choroid and where inflammatory choroidal neovascularization frequently develops is well known. Myopia is frequently seen together with multifocal choroiditis and multiple evanescent white dot syndrome from this group. The increased fragility of the choriocapillaris due to specific structural changes in myopic eyes is thought to increase predisposition to inflammatory disorders with the effect of unknown immunogenetic factors in such eyes. It is also possible for transient myopia to develop due to inflammation and/or its treatment while inflammation itself is known to have specific results that induce myopia in highly myopic eyes. Transient myopia can develop following corticosteroid and sulphonamide derivative use with changes in the lens-iris diaphragm. RPE, choriocapillaris, large choroidal vessels and Bruch's membrane defects that can cause photoreceptor loss have been reported in highly myopic eyes. The sclera and choroid thickness decreases in these eyes and the decreased resistance of the thinned sclera due to inflammation can increase myopia. The aim of this study was to review the complicated relationship between myopia and inflammation.

Keywords: Choroidal neovascularization; choroiditis; ınflammation; myopia; myopia, degenerative

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