Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences

.: REVIEW
Metabolomik Çalışmaların Dünü, Bugünü ve Yarını
Past, Present and Future of Metabolomic Studies
Ozan KAPLANa, Mustafa ÇELEBİERa
aHacettepe Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi, Analitik Kimya ABD, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2020;40(3):366-74
doi: 10.5336/medsci.2020-75489
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Metabolomik çalışmalar, son yıllarda ortaya çıkan bilimsel ve teknolojik gelişmelerle beraber hastalıkların erken teşhis ve tedavisi başta olmak üzere çok çeşitli araştırma alanlarında kendine yer bulmuştur. Metabolitler insan vücudunda meydana gelen biyokimyasal reaksiyonlara katılan veya bu reaksiyonlar sonucu ortaya çıkan, düşük molekül ağırlıklı kimyasal bileşenlere verilen genel addır. Vücutta bulunan metabolitlerin tümü, metabolom terimi ile ifade edilir. Metabolomik ise mümkün olduğunca fazla sayıda metabolitin, ileri analitik teknikler ile ölçülmesidir. İlgili sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilir ve hastalık durumu veya tedavi şekli gibi belirlenen bir değişken üzerinden kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırılır. Böylece metabolom düzeyindeki değişim ortaya çıkarılır, miktarı değişen metabolitler tespit edilir ve hastalık durumundan etkilenen metabolik yolaklar tanımlanabilir. Metabolomik çalışmalar, metabolom düzeyi ile ilgili anlık bilgi sağlayabilmesi sayesinde genom düzeyinde aydınlatılan genotipe ek olarak fenotipin metabolom düzeyinde incelenebilmesini sağlar. Bu çalışma; metabolomik çalışmaların kökenleri, bugünkü durumu ve gelecekte oynayabileceği roller üzerine hazırlanmış bir derlemedir. Günümüzde metabolom düzeyinde biyobelirteç keşfi için yaygın olarak gerçekleştirilen sıvı kromatografisi-kütle spektrometrisi (LC-MS) temelli hedeflenmemiş metabolomik çalışmalarda yaşanan güncel problemler de bu derleme kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Özellikle kanser araştırmalarında sıklıkla söz edilmeye başlanan sıvı biyopsi tanımını uygulamaya geçirmek için klinik uygulamalarda metabolom düzeyinde gerçekleştirilecek çalışmalar büyük önem arz etmektedir. Yakın gelecekte hedeflenmemiş metabolomik çalışmalar sonucu elde edilen bilgi hedeflenmiş çalışmalar ile valide edilerek metabolom düzeyinde farklı hastalıklar için erken tanı ve süreç inceleme amacıyla kullanılabilecek çok sayıda yeni biyobelirteç klinik uygulamalarda kendine yer bulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Metabolomik; metabolom; sistem biyolojisi; biyokimyasal olaylar
ABSTRACT
 Along with the scientific and technological developments that have emerged in recent years, metabolomic studies have found themselves a place in a wide range of research fields especially including early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Metabolites are the general names given to low molecular weight chemical components that participate in biochemical reactions or occurring as a result of biochemical reactions in the human body. The term metabolome is used to refer to all the metabolites found in the system of a body. Metabolomics is the measurement of as many metabolites as possible using advanced analytical techniques. The relevant results are evaluated statistically and compared with the control group over a determined variable such as disease status or treatment method. Thus, the change in the metabolome level is clarified, the amount of metabolites that are varying are determined and the metabolic pathways affected by the disease condition can be identified. Metabolomic research provides insight into the metabolome level, allowing the phenotype to be examined at metabolome level in addition to the genotype illuminated at genome level. This study is about the historical development of metabolomic studies, the current situation on metabolomic studies and the roles it could play in future. Current problems experienced in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based untargeted metabolomic studies, which are widely performed for biomarker discovery at metabolome level, are also evaluated within the scope of this review. In order to put into practice, the definition of liquid biopsy, which is frequently mentioned in cancer researches, studies conducted at the level of metabolome in clinical applications are of great importance. In the near future, the information obtained as a result of untargeted metabolomic studies will be validated with targeted studies, and many new biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis and process examination for different diseases at the metabolome level will find their place in clinical applications.

Keywords: Metabolomics; metabolome; systems biology; biochemical phenomena
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