Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Menopoz Polikliniğine Başvuran Kadınlarda Postmenopozal Kanama Prevalansı ve Sağlık Arama Davranışlarının Belirlenmesi: Tanımlayıcı ve Kesitsel Çalışma
Determination of Prevalence of Postmenopausal Bleeding and Health Seeking Behaviors in Women Applying to Menopause Outpatient Clinic: A Descriptive and Cross-Sectional Study
Hülya ÖZBERKa , Dilek BİLGİÇa , Aysun BADEMb
aDokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hemşireliği AD, İzmir, Türkiye
bKahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hemşireliği AD, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2025;17(1):79-87
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2024-104811
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Postmenopozal dönemde kadın sağlığını morbidite ve mortalite açısından etkileyen en önemli jinekolojik sorunlardan biri postmenopozal kanamadır. Bu çalışmada, kadınlarda postmenopozal kanama prevalansı ve sağlık arama davranışlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırma tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tasarımda, 28 Mart-28 Haziran 2024 tarihleri arasında menopoz polikliniğine başvuran 125 postmenopozal dönemde olan kadınla yapılmıştır. Veriler, Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu, Postmenopozal Kanama Özelliklerini Değerlendirme Formu ve Sağlık Arama Davranışı Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın yapılması için kurum izinleri, etik kurul onayı ve katılımcıların bilgilendirilmiş onamları alınmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık olarak p<0,05 alınmıştır. Bulgular: Kadınların ortalama menopoz süreleri 7,10±5,54 olup, %51,2'sinde kronik bir hastalık bulunmaktadır. Kadınların %38,4'ünde menopoz öncesi anormal uterin kanama ve %36,0'ında postmenopozal kanama saptanmıştır. Postmenopozal kanaması olan ve olmayan kadınların Geleneksel Sağlık Arama Davranışı alt boyut puan ortalamaları ve toplam Sağlık Arama Davranışı Ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Postmenopozal kanaması olan kadınların yaklaşık ¼'inde, menopoz öncesi anormal uterin kanama öyküsü bulunmaktadır. Postmenopozal kanamaya bağlı en fazla cinsel yaşam olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Postmenopozal kanama kadınlarda genel sağlık arama ve geleneksel sağlık arama davranışını arttırmaktadır. Geleneksel sağlık arama davranışı yöntemlerinin etkinliği için kanıtlar yeterli düzeyde değildir. Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, ileriye yönelik çalışmalarda kadınlarda postmenopozal kanama farkındalığının çalışılması ve profesyonel sağlık arama davranışının teşvik edilmesi faydalı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Postmenopozal dönem; postmenopozal kanama; sağlık arama davranışı
ABSTRACT
 Objective: One of the most important gynecologic problems affecting women's health in terms of morbidity and mortality in the postmenopausal period is postmenopausal bleeding. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of postmenopausal bleeding and health seeking behaviors in women. Material and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 125 postmenopausal women who applied to the menopause outpatient clinic between March 28 and June 28, 2024. Data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Postmenopausal Bleeding Characteristics Assessment Form and Health Seeking Behavior Scale. Institutional permissions, ethics committee approval and informed consent of the participants were obtained for the study. Descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test were used in the evaluation of the data. P<0.05 was taken as statistical significance. Results: The mean duration of menopause was 7.10±5.54 and 51.2% of the women had a chronic disease. Premenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding was found in 38.4% and postmenopausal bleeding in 36.0% of the women. A statistically significant relationship was found between the mean scores of the Traditional Health Seeking Behavior subscale and the total Health Seeking Behavior Scale scores of women with and without postmenopausal bleeding (p<0.05). Conclusion: About ¼ of women with postmenopausal bleeding have a history of abnormal uterine bleeding before menopause. Sexual life is most negatively affected by postmenopausal bleeding. Postmenopausal bleeding increases traditional health seeking behavior in women. Evidence for the effectiveness of traditional health seeking behavior methods is insufficient. According to the results of this study, it would be useful to study awareness of postmenopausal bleeding in women and encourage professional health-seeking behavior in future studies.

Keywords: Postmenopausal period; postmenopausal bleeding; health seeking behavior
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