Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Meme Kanseri Tedavisini Tamamlamış Bireylerin Tedavi Sonrası Döneme İlişkin Deneyimleri: Tanımlayıcı Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma
Post-Treatment Experiences of Breast Cancer Survivors: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study
Nur İZGÜa
aHacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2020;12(3):385-96
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2019-73152
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, aktif meme kanseri tedavisini tamamlamış bireylerin, tedavi sonrası döneme ilişkin deneyimlerini derinlemesine incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı fenomenolojik tasarıma sahip bu araştırma, meme kanseri tedavisini tamamlamış, nüks ya da metastatik kanser tanısı almamış 9 bireyle 11 Temmuz-15 Ağustos 2019 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Veriler, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak, yüz yüze derinlemesine bireysel görüşmeler aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Görüşmeler, ses kayıt cihazıyla kaydedilerek transkriptler oluşturulmuştur. Veriler içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırmada ortaya çıkan tema ve alt temalar (1) yaşam değişimleri (sosyal ilişkilerde değişim, duygu değişimleri, eski alışkanlıklarda değişim, hayata bakış açısındaki değişim), (2) karşılaşılan güçlükler (fiziksel güçlükler, cinsel yaşamla ilgili güçlükler, sağlık hizmeti ilişkili güçlükler, sosyal etiketlenme, beden imajında değişim, tekrarlama korkusu) (3) güçlüklerle baş etme, (4) kanserden sağ kalmanın/iyileşmenin anlamı ve (5) bilgilenme ihtiyacı şeklinde sıralanmıştır. Sonuç: Araştırmada, sağ kalan bireylerin tedavi sonrası dönemde sağlıklı yaşam biçimi alışkanlıklarını benimsedikleri, günlük yaşamlarını devam ettirirken lenfödem, yorgunluk, ağrı gibi fiziksel sorunlar deneyimledikleri cinsel yaşamla ilgili güçlükler, beden imajında değişim, sosyal etiketlenme ve tekrarlama korkusu yaşadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada, bireylerin karşılaştıkları güçlüklerle baş etmede farklı stratejiler geliştirdikleri, kanserden sağ kalmayı daha çok başarı duygusu ve ikinci bir şans olarak tanımladıkları ve bilgilenme ihtiyaçlarının devam ettiği bulunmuştur. Araştırma bulgularına dayanarak, sağlık personelinin, meme kanserinden sağ kalan bireylerin tedavi sonrası dönemde yaşadıkları fiziksel ve psikososyal sorunları değerlendirmeleri ve tedavi sonrası döneme özgü bireyselleştirilmiş sağlık bakım hizmeti sunmaları önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Meme kanseri; sağ kalan; deneyim; niteleyici araştırma
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate in depth post-treatment experiences of breast cancer survivors who completed active breast cancer therapy. Material and Methods: This descriptive phenomenological qualitative study was conducted with nine individuals who completed breast cancer treatment and were not diagnosed with recurrence or a metastatic cancer, between 11st June15th August 2019. Data were collected performing face-to-face in-depth interviews with a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were recorded via a voice-recorder and transcribed verbatim. Data were interpreted with interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Themes and subthemes emerged from qualitative data analysis included (1) life alterations (alteration in social relationships, alteration in emotional reactions, change of past habits, change of perspective on life), (2) faced challenges (physical challenges, sexual life problems, challenges related to health care services, social stigmatization, change in body image, fear of cancer recurrence), (3) coping with challenges, (4) meaning of cancer survivorship/recovering and (5) information need. Conclusion: This study revealed that breast cancer survivors adopted healthy life behaviors after treatment completion. The study also showed that survivors faced ongoing physical challenges in daily life including lymphedema, fatigue and pain; and experienced sexual life problems, social stigmatization and fear of recurrence Additionally, the study concluded that breast cancer survivors developed different strategies to overcome faced challenges, associated survivorship term with achievement and perceived it as a second chance, and needed information with regards to post treatment period. Based on the study findings, health professionals are recommended to assess physical and psychosocial problems and provide specific health support to breast cancer survivors and informed them about post treatment period.

Keywords: Breast cancer; survivor; experience; qualitative research
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