Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

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Medikolegal Değerlendirmelerde İlliyet Bağı Kavramı: Geleneksel Derleme
The Concept of Causal Relation in Medicolegal Evaluations: Traditional Review
Ekin Özgür AKTAŞa, Koray YILMAZa, Ahsen KAYAa
aEge Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Adli Tıp ABD, İzmir, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2022;19(3):210-7
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2022-91170
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Ceza ve tazminat davalarında, somut olayın çözümünde mahkemeler tarafından sıklıkla bilirkişi raporu istenmektedir. Bilirkişi atamaya yetkili mercilerce, alanında uzman olan ve ilgili mevzuata göre yetkilendirilmiş bilirkişilerden alınan yazılı görüşler 'Bilirkişi Raporları' olarak adli mercilerin takdirlerine sunulmaktadır. Dava konusu eylem ile oluşan zarar arasında illiyet bağının olup olmadığını tespit etmek bilirkişi incelemelerinin temel unsurlarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Mevzuatta illiyet bağının tespitine yönelik doğrudan bir düzenleme bulunmamakla birlikte 'neden olmak', 'sebebiyet vermek', 'ileri gelmek', ''...den dolayı'' gibi anlatımlara rastlanmaktadır. Bilirkişi raporlarında illiyet bağının doğru değerlendirilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bilirkişilerin illiyet bağı konusunda değerlendirme yaparken, konu ile ilgili hukuki bakış açısını bilmeleri, değerlendirmelerini objektif ve bilimsel dayanaklara göre yapmaları gerekmektedir. Ceza davalarında illiyet bağı tespitinin doğru yapılamadığı durumlarda; meydana gelen olaya ait olmayan bir sonucun faile bağlanması ile hata ortaya çıkabilmekte, suçun varlığı söz konusu olsa da suçun ağırlık derecesi değişebilmekte, meydana gelen olaya ait bir durumun olayla illiyet bağı olmadığı sonucuna varılarak suçun varlığı ve nitelikli hâli atlanabilmektedir. Tazminat davalarında illiyet bağı tespitinin doğru yapılamadığı durumlarda ise her iki taraf için hak kazanç ve kayıpları söz konusu olabilmektedir. Bu derlemede, illiyet bağı kavramı detaylı bir şekilde ele alınarak bilirkişi incelemelerinde illiyet bağı değerlendirilirken nelere dikkat edilmesi gerektiği hususlarında, literatür bilgileri eşliğinde değerlendirme yapmak amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: İlliyet bağı; nedensellik; bilirkişi; bilirkişi raporu
ABSTRACT
 In criminal and compensation cases, expert reports are often requested by courts in resolving the concrete case. By authorities, written opinions received from experts are presented to the discretion of judicial authorities as 'Expert Reports'. Determining whether there is a causal relation between the action that is the subject of the case and the damage is one of the main factors of expert examinations. Although there is no direct regulation in legislation for determination of causal relation, there are expressions such as 'to cause', 'to come forward', ''because of...''. It is very important to evaluate causality correctly in expert reports. When evaluating causality, experts should know legal perspective on the subject and make their assessments on objective and scientific principles. In cases where causal relation cannot be determined correctly in criminal cases; error may occur when a result that doesn't belong to event occurred is attributed to perpetrator, although the existence of crime is in question, the degree of crime can change, and a situation related to the event that has occurred is not related to the event, and the presence and quality of the crime can be skipped. In cases where the causal relation cannot be determined correctly in compensation cases; there may be rights gains and losses for both parties. In this review, the concept of causal relation is discussed in detail and aimed to make an evaluation in the light of literature on what should be considered when evaluating causal relation in expert examinations.

Keywords: Causal relation; causality; expert; expert report
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