Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Measurement of Exchanging Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide and Subsequent Use of Respiratory Exchange Ratio During Exercise do not Mimic Macronutrient Contribution to Overall Energy Expenditure: Cross-Sectional Study
Egzersiz Esnasındaki Oksijen-Karbondioksit Değişiminin ve Solunum Değişim Oranının Ölçülmesi Makro-Besin Ögelerinin Toplam Enerji Tüketimine Katkısını Yansıtmamaktadır: Kesitsel Çalışma
Uğur CANa, Nasuh Evrim ACARb, Yağmur ARINLIc
aMersin University Institute of Education Sciences, Mersin, TURKEY
bMersin University Faculty of Sports Science, Mersin, TURKEY
cMersin University State Conservatory, Mersin, TURKEY
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2021;13(3):452-60
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2021-82019
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Physical exercise and neuromuscular characteristics are essential modulators of total energy expenditure (TEE), and oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange measurements and subsequent use of the respiratory exchange ratio do not fully mirror macronutrient contribution to TEE. The rationales of the study were to compare oxidative, anaerobic glycolytic, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), and TEE between equivalent bouts of uphill treadmill running and non-steady-state cycling using an alternative method, and to determine the relative contribution of lower extremity muscles on TEE. Material and Methods: Twenty male participants completed cardiorespiratory and isokinetic measurements over a one-week interval. Anaerobic energy expenditure was estimated from blood lactate. Results: Perceived exertion for cycling was greater than running (p=0.005). However, respiratory exchange ratio (p=0.005), heart rate (p=0.005), EPOC (p=0.001), oxidative energy expenditure (p=0.001) and TEE (p=0.001) were greater for uphill running compared to cycling. Conclusion: Due to the variations in the metabolic components, i.e., oxidative, EPOC, total energy expenditure calculated using the equations to equate work output between non-steady cycling and uphill running revealed discrepancies. Additionally, this study also revealed that compared to knee extensor and flexor muscles, hip muscles had a greater contribution to overall energy expenditure during cycling and uphill treadmill running which also enabled the participants to generate less energy cost. Per the results of the current study, it would be more accurate to use the anaerobic glycolytic energy expenditure data rather than oxygen only measures in the assessment of energy expenditure between these equivalent exercise modalities.

Keywords: Energy expenditure; oxygen consumption; blood lactate; excess post-exercise oxygen consumption; training load
ÖZET
 Amaç: Fiziksel egzersiz ve nöromusküler özellikler, toplam enerji tüketiminin (TET) temel modülatörleridir ve oksijen-karbondioksit değişiminin ölçülmesi ve ardından belirlenen solunum değişim oranının kullanılması, makro besinlerin TET'e olan katkısını tam olarak yansıtmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, iş yükleri eşitleştirilmiş, hızı ve eğimi kademeli olarak artış gösteren bir koşu bandı ve bisiklet test protokolü esnasında oluşan oksidatif, anaerobik glikolitik, egzersiz sonrası artan oksijen tüketimi [excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)] ve TET değerlerinin alternatif bir yöntem kullanarak karşılaştırılması ve alt ekstremite kaslarının TET'e olan katkısını belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Yirmi erkek katılımcı birer hafta arayla kardiyorespiratuar ve izokinetik ölçümlere tabi tutuldu. Anaerobik enerji harcaması kan laktatı ölçümüyle belirlendi. Bulgular: Bisiklet testi esnasındaki algılanan zorluk derecesi düzeyi, koşu protokolüne göre daha yüksek bulundu (p=0,005). Ancak koşu protokolü esnasındaki solunum değişim oranı (p=0,005), kalp atış hızı (p=0,005), EPOC (p=0,001), oksidatif enerji tüketimi (p=0,001) ve TET (p=0,001) yokuş bisiklet testine göre daha yüksek bulundu. Sonuç: Metabolik bileşenlerdeki varyasyonlar, yani oksidatif, EPOC, sabit olmayan döngü ve yokuş yukarı koşu arasındaki iş çıktısını eşitlemek için denklemler kullanılarak hesaplanan toplam enerji harcaması tutarsızlıkları ortaya çıkardı. Ek olarak bu çalışma, ayrıca diz ekstansör ve fleksör kaslarıyla karşılaştırıldığında, kalça kaslarının bisiklet ve eğimli koşu bandı testi sırasında toplam enerji harcamasına daha fazla katkı sağladığını ve bunun da katılımcıların daha az enerji maliyeti üretmesini sağladığını ortaya koydu. Mevcut çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre bu eş değer egzersiz modaliteleri arasındaki enerji harcamasının değerlendirilmesinde, sadece oksijen ölçümlerinden ziyade anaerobik glikolitik enerji harcama verilerinin kullanılması daha doğru olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Enerji harcaması; oksijen tüketimi; kan laktat; egzersiz sonrası artan oksijen tüketimi; egzersiz şiddeti
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