Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Maternal Obezitenin Fetüs Üzerine Etkileri ve Gebelikte Beslenme
Effects of Maternal Obesity on Fetus and Nutrition During Pregnancy
Ayça KÜÇÜKLERa, Hande ÖNGÜN YILMAZb
aİstanbul Okan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
bİstanbul Okan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(2):311-9
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-75802
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Obezite, ülkemizde giderek artan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olup bu salgın doğurganlık çağındaki kadınlar da dahil olmak üzere her kesimi etkilemektedir. Gebeliği zorlaştıran ve giderek yaygınlaşan bir durum olup anne ve yenidoğan için obezitenin yarattığı komplikasyonların fazla olduğu görülmektedir. Kadınların %20-40'ı gebelik döneminde önerilenin üzerinde ağırlık kazanmaktadır. Bu durum ise maternal ve fetal komplikasyonların artışı ile sonuçlanmaktadır. Bu komplikasyonların çoğunun, doz-tepki tarzında, artan beden kütle indeksi ile daha da arttığı çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir. Bu nedenle maternal obezite yüksek riskli bir durum olarak kabul edilmektedir. Maternal obezite ile ilgili komplikasyonlar fetüsü ve aynı zamanda potansiyel olarak hem anneleri hem de çocuklarını yaşamları boyunca etkileyebilmektedir. Sağlıksız bir mikroçevreye maruz kalan fetüste ileride de ciddi metabolik problemler gelişmektedir. Tüm bu etkiler göz önüne alındığında önlenmesi gereken önemli bir sağlık problemidir. Bu nedenle gebelik öncesi beden kütle indeksi yüksek olan kadınları ağırlık kaybı için teşvik etmek ve uygun ağırlığa ulaştıktan sonra gebe kalmalarını sağlamak oluşabilecek sorunları önlemek açısından önemlidir. Aynı zamanda diyetisyen kontrolünde yanlış beslenme alışkanlıkları düzeltilerek, sağlıklı bir beslenme ve egzersiz programına başlamak en uygun hedeflerden biri olarak görülmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, maternal obezitenin yol açtığı anneyi, fetüsü ve çocukluk dönemini etkileyen komplikasyonları bir araya getirmek ve obez gebeler için beslenme önerileri sunmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Maternal obezite; obezite; komplikasyon; gebe kadınlar; fetüs
ABSTRACT
 Obesity is an increasingly important public health problem in our country, and this epidemic affects every segment, including women of childbearing age. It is a condition that makes pregnancy difficult and becoming more widespread, and it is seen that the complications caused by obesity are high for mother and newborn. 20- 40% of women gain weight over the recommended period during pregnancy. This results in increased maternal and fetal complications. It has been shown in studies that most of these complications increase in dose-response style with increasing body mass index. For this reason, maternal obesity is accepted as a high risk condition. Complications related to maternal obesity can affect the fetus as well as potentially both mothers and their children throughout their lives. The fetus, which is exposed to an unhealthy microenvironment, also develops serious metabolic problems in the future. Considering all these effects, it is an important health problem to be prevented. For this reason, it is important to encourage women with high body mass index before pregnancy for weight loss and to get pregnant after reaching the appropriate weight in order to prevent possible problems. At the same time, it is seen as one of the most suitable targets to start a healthy diet and exercise program by correcting the wrong eating habits under dietitian control. The purpose of this review is to combine the maternal obesity-induced mother, the fetus and the complications affecting childhood, and provide nutritional advice for obese pregnant women.

Keywords: Maternal obesity; obesity; complication; pregnant women; fetus
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