Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Mastaljisi Olan Kadınların Beslenme Durumlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Olgu-Kontrol Araştırması
Evaluation of the Nutritional Status of Women with Mastalgia: Case-Control Research
Gülsüm ŞAHİN BODURa, Alev KESERa, İlknur KEPENEKÇİ BAYRAMb
aAnkara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye
bAnkara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Genel Cerrahi ABD, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2022;7(3):652-9
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2021-86045
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Mastaljiyi etkileyen beslenme ile ilgili faktörlerin araştırıldığı çalışmalar az sayıda olup, sonuçlar tutarlı değildir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, mastaljisi olan kadınların beslenme durumlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2016-2017 yılları arasında Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi İbni Sina Hastanesi Genel Cerrahi Polikliniğine başvuran 20- 67 yaş arasındaki kadınlar oluşturmaktadır. Mastalji tanısı konulan 70 kadın mastalji grubunu, aynı yaş aralığında meme ile ilgili herhangi bir hastalığı olmayan 107 kadın kontrol grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Anket formu; genel bilgiler, antropometrik ölçümler ve 24 saatlik geriye dönük besin tüketim kaydı olmak üzere 3 bölümden oluşmaktadır. Tüketilen besinlerden sağlanan enerji ve besin ögesi alımlarını hesaplamak için Beslenme Bilgi Sistemi (BeBiS) kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, tavsiye edilen günlük besin ögesi alımına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, mastalji grubunda yer alan kadınların ağırlık, beden kitle indeksi, bel çevresi, bel/kalça oranı ve vücut yağ yüzdesi ortalamaları, kontrol grubuna kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksektir. Çalışmaya alınan mastalji grubundaki kadınların %27,1'inin, proteinleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yetersiz aldığı bulunmuştur. Mastalji grubunda yer alan bireylerin %28,6'sının A vitaminini, %42,9'unun E vitaminini, %11,4'ünün çinkoyu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha fazla aldığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Beslenme davranışının, mastaljinin etiyolojisinde önemli rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu bireylere diyetisyenler tarafından sağlıklı beslenme eğitimleri verilmeli, obez/fazla ağırlıklı olan bireyleri optimal vücut ağırlığına getirecek ve kaybedilen ağırlığı koruyabilecek bir öğün planı hazırlanmalı, ağırlık takibi yapılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Mastalji; beslenme durumu; antropometri
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Studies investigating nutritional factors affecting mastalgia are few and the results are not consistent. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status of women with mastalgia. Material and Methods: The sample of the study consists of women between the ages of 20-67 who applied to Ankara University Faculty of Medicine İbni Sina Hospital General Surgery Outpatient Clinic between 2016-2017. Seventy women diagnosed with mastalgia constitute the mastalgia group and 107 women who do not have any breast related disease in the same age range constitute the control group. The questionnaire consists of general information, anthropometric measurements and a 3 day 24-hour retrospective food consumption record. Nutrition Information System (BeBiS) was used to calculate the intake of energy and nutrients from consumed foods. The data obtained were evaluated according to the recommended daily nutrient intake. Results: In this study, the mean weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio and body fat percentage of the women in the mastalgia group were higher than the control group. It was found that 27.1% of the women in the mastalgia group included in the study had a statistically significant insufficient intake of proteins. It was determined that 28.6% of individuals in the mastalgia group took vitamin A, 42.9% vitamin E, and 11.4% zinc statistically significantly higher. Conclusion: It is thought that eating behavior plays an important role in the etiology of mastalgia. Therefore, these individuals should be given healthy nutrition training by dietitians, a meal plan that will bring the obese/overweight individuals to optimal body weight and maintain the lost weight should be prepared and weight tracking should be done.

Keywords: Mastalgia; nutritional status; anthropometry
REFERENCES:
  1. Mansel RE, Webster DJT, Sweetland HM. Hughes, Mansel & Webster's Benign Disorders and Diseases of the Breast. 3rd ed. United Kingdom: Saunders Ltd; 2009. [Crossref] 
  2. Gumm R, Cunnick GH, Mokbel K. Evidence for the management of mastalgia. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004;20(5):681-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. Kataria K, Dhar A, Srivastava A, Kumar S, Goyal A. A systematic review of current understanding and management of mastalgia. Indian J Surg. 2014;76(3):217-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  4. Aydın İ, Baltacı D, Türkyılmaz S, Öncü M. Comparison of Vitex Agnus Castus with meloxicam and placebo in treatment of patients with cyclical mastalgia. Düzce Tıp Dergisi. 2012;14(1):1-5. [Link] 
  5. Eren T, Aslan A, Ozemir IA, Baysal H, Sagiroglu J, Ekinci O, et al. Factors effecting mastalgia. Breast Care (Basel). 2016;11(3):188-93. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  6. Kızılkaya MC, Erözgen F, Kocakuşak A, Tatar C, Akıncı M, Tüzün S, et al. Mastalgia in daily practice. J Breast Health. 2013;9:191-4. [Link] 
  7. Parsay S, Olfati F, Nahidi S. Therapeutic effects of vitamin E on cyclic mastalgia. Breast J. 2009;15(5):510-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Koçoğlu D, Kurşun S, Akın B, Altuntug K. Mastalgia and associated factors: a cross-sectional study. Agri. 2017;29(3):100-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Kanat BH, Atmaca M, Girgin M, Ilhan YS, Bozdağ A, Özkan Z, et al. Effects of mastalgia in young women on quality of life, depression, and anxiety levels. Indian J Surg. 2016;78(2):96-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  10. Hocaoğlu Ç. Mastalji nedir? [What is mastalgia?]. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi. 2007;3(2):49-52. [Link] 
  11. Genc V, Genc A, Ustuner E, Dusunceli EB, Oztuna D, Bayar S, et al. Is there an association between mastalgia and fibromyalgia? Comparing prevalence and symptom severity. Breast. 2011;20(4):314-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Genç A, Çelik SU, Evcik D, Atman ED, Elhan AH, Genç V. Balneotherapy is an alternative treatment for mastalgia; a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2018;19:100-4. [Crossref] 
  13. Johnson KM, Bradley KA, Bush K, Gardella C, Dobie DJ, Laya MB. Frequency of mastalgia among women veterans. Association with psychiatric conditions and unexplained pain syndromes. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S70-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  14. Gül A, Kahramanoğlu İ, Sucaklı MH. Siklik mastalji prevalansı ve metilksantin içeren bazı gıdaların mastalji üzerindeki etkileri [Mastalgia prevalence and effects of methylxanthine contain foods on symptoms of mastalgia]. J Turk Obstet Gynecol Soc. 2008;5(3):207-11. [Link] 
  15. Ndhluni A. The ABC of benign breast disease: main article. CME. 2009;27(10):453-5. [Link] 
  16. Rosolowich V, Saettler E, Szuck B; BREAST DISEASE COMMITTEE. Mastalgia. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2006;28(1):49-57. English, French. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Rohan TE, Negassa A, Caan B, Chlebowski RT, Curb JD, Ginsberg M, et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of benign proliferative breast disease: a randomized, controlled dietary modification trial. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2008;1(4):275-84. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  18. Murshid KR. A review of mastalgia in patients with fibrocystic breast changes and the non-surgical treatment options. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2011;6(1):1-18. [Crossref] 
  19. Pekcan G. Beslenme Durumunun Saptanması. Ankara: 2012. Link: [Link] 
  20. World Health Organization. Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio: Report of a WHO Expert Consultation. Geneva: WHO; 2011. [Link] 
  21. Rakıcıoğlu N, Ayaz A, Pekcan G. Yemek ve Besin Fotoğraf Kataloğu: Ölçü ve Miktarlar. 7. Baskı. Ankara: Ata Ofset Matbaacılık. 2021. Erişim tarihi: 02.06.2021.
  22. National Research Council (US) Subcommittee on the Tenth Edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. Recommended Dietary Allowances: 10th Edition. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1989. [PubMed] 
  23. National Research Council (US) Subcommittee on Criteria for Dietary Evaluation. Nutrient Adequacy: Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveys. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1986. [PubMed] 
  24. Güriş S. Bilimsel Araştırmalarda SPSS ile İstatistik. 3. Baskı. İstanbul: Der Yayınları; 2014.
  25. Brown N, White J, Brasher A, Scurr J. The experience of breast pain (mastalgia) in female runners of the 2012 London Marathon and its effect on exercise behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(4):320-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Boyd NF, McGuire V, Shannon P, Cousins M, Kriukov V, Mahoney L, et al. Effect of a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet on symptoms of cyclical mastopathy. Lancet. 1988;2(8603):128-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Baghurst PA, Rohan TE. Dietary fiber and risk of benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the breast. Int J Cancer. 1995;63(4):481-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Zengul AG, Demark-Wahnefried W, Barnes S, Morrow CD, Bertrand B, Berryhill TF, et al. Associations between dietary fiber, the fecal microbiota and estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Nutr Cancer. 2021;73(7):1108-17. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  29. Willett WC. Diet and breast cancer. J Intern Med. 2001;249(5):395-411. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Wang LQ. Mammalian phytoestrogens: enterodiol and enterolactone. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002;777(1-2):289-309. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Ernster VL, Goodson WH 3rd, Hunt TK, Petrakis NL, Sickles EA, Miike R. Vitamin E and benign breast "disease": a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Surgery. 1985;97(4):490-4. [PubMed] 
  32. Hogan EH, Hornick BA, Bouchoux A. Focus on communications: communicating the message: clarifying the controversies about caffeine. Nutr Today. 2002;37(1):28-35. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. IFIC. Caffeine & health: clarifying the controversies. Erişim tarihi: 10.07.2021 Erişim linki: [Link] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com