Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics

.: REVIEW
Management of Anger and Aggression in Adolescents: Traditional Review
Ergenlerde Öfke ve Saldırganlığın Yönetimi: Geleneksel Derleme
Hüseyin DAĞa,b, Aylin YETİM ŞAHİNb
aUniversity of Health Sciences Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, İstanbul, Türkiye
bİstanbul University Institute of Child Health, Adolesance Health, Department of Pediatric Basic Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr. 2024;33(2):69-75
doi: 10.5336/pediatr.2023-100278
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Anger can be defined as: ''An emotional response to an event that is perceived as a threat, violation or injustice.'' Anger and aggression can be seen in adolescents, particularly due to psychological, physiological and hormonal effects. When anger is experienced, people can react in four different ways. These are continuous anger, internal anger, external anger and controlling anger. It is more important for young people not to get angry, but to learn how to control their anger. In order to manage anger in adolescents in a healthy and effective way, it is necessary to make a psychosocial assessment and identify some situations that may cause anger. Inappropriate home environment, school environment that is not protective for adolescents, substance abuse, excessive use of internet and social media, unhealthy diet and eating disorders caused by this diet, adolescents' lack of social skills, some problems in romantic relationships, all kinds of abuse and neglect can play a role in the emergence of anger. It is not possible to control anger without knowing the adolescent and his/her characteristics. As uncontrollable anger in adolescents can lead to aggression, timely and appropriate psychosocial assessment should be carried out, necessary psychological support should be provided, necessary social skills should be acquired and patients should be referred to appropriate centres for psychiatric support if necessary.

Keywords: Anger; aggression; adolescent; psychosocial assessment
ÖZET
 Öfke; tehdit, ihlal ya da adaletsizlik olarak değerlendirilen bir olaya verilen duygusal tepki olarak tanımlanabilir. Ergenlerde özellikle psikolojik, fizyolojik ve hormonal etkilere bağlı olarak öfke ve saldırganlık görülebilmektedir. Öfke yaşandığında insanlar dört farklı şekilde tepki verebilirler. Bunlar sürekli öfke, öfkenin içe dönük olması, öfkenin dışa dönük olması ve öfkenin kontrol altına alınması olarak sayılabilir. Ergenlerin hiç öfkelenmemesi değil, öfkesini nasıl kontrol edebildiği daha önemli bir konu olarak düşünülmelidir. Ergenlerde öfke yönetimini sağlıklı ve verimli bir şekilde yapabilmek için de psikososyal değerlendirme yapmak ve öfkeye neden olabilecek bazı durumları ortaya çıkarmak gerekmektedir. Ergenin yaşadığı ev ortamının uygun olmayışı, okul ortamının ergen için koruyucu nitelikte olmaması, herhangi bir madde kullanımı, aşırı düzeyde internet ve sosyal medya kullanımı, sağlıksız beslenme ve bu beslenmenin yarattığı yeme bozuklukları, ergenlerin sosyal becerilerden yoksun olması, romantik ilişkilerde yaşanan bazı sorunlar, her türlü istismar ve ihmal öfkenin ortaya çıkmasında rol oynayabilmektedir. Ergeni ve özelliklerini bilmeden öfkesini kontrol etmek mümkün değildir. Ergenlerde kontrol edilemeyen öfke saldırganlığa da yol açabildiğinden yerinde ve zamanında psikososyal değerlendirme yapılarak gerekli psikolojik destek sağlanmalı, gerekli sosyal beceriler kazandırılmalıdır. Ergenlerin öfkesi yönetilemediği takdirde ergenlere destek olmak, ergenlerin yaşam kalitesini yükseltmek açısından uygun danışmanlıkla aile ile iş birliği içinde uzun süreli takip ve tedavilerin yapılabileceği merkezlere hastalar refere edilmelidirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Öfke; saldırganlık; ergen; psikososyal değerlendirme
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