Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dermatology

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Lepra Hastalarında Beden İmajı ve Benlik Saygısını Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi ve Sağlıklı Bireylerle Karşılaştırılması
Factors Affecting Body Image and Self-Esteem in Leprosy Patients and Comparison to Healthy Individuals
Hatice YORULMAZa, Dilek KESERa, Melek GÖÇMENa
aHemşirelik Bölümü, Haliç Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dermatol. 2019;29(1):23-30
doi: 10.5336/dermato.2019-65475
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Lepra, kişilerde fizik ve psikolojiyi etkileyen kronik bir hastalıktır. Lepra, hastalarda beden imajı ve benlik saygısında azalmaya neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışma, lepra hastalarının beden imajı ve benlik saygılarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve sağlıklı bireylerle karşılaştırılması amacıyla kesitsel düzende planlanmış bir olgu-kontrol çalışması olarak yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma; 40 lepra hastası ile 40 kontrol grubu ile tanımlayıcı olarak gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın verileri "tanıtıcı bilgi formu", "beden imajı ölçeği (BİÖ)" ve "benlik saygısı ölçeği (BSÖ)" uygulanarak toplandı. Verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirilmesinde ki-kare, t-testi, Tukey, Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların %52,5'i erkek, %70'i evli, %67,5'inin çocuk sahibi olduğu, %60'ında ek kronik hastalığı olduğu, %67,5'inin psikolojik yardım aldığı, %80'inin ilaç tedavisi aldığı, %72,5'inin hastalık tipini bilmediği, %72,5'inin vücudunda şişlikler olduğu saptandı. Hastaların beden imajı ve benlik saygısı ölçeği puanlarının kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük olduğu bulundu. Kontrol grubunda yaş değişkeni dışında diğer değişkenlerin BİÖ ve BSÖ puanları arasında farklılık saptanmadı (p>0,05). Lepra hastalarından çocuk sahibi olanların BİÖ puanlarının, ek kronik hastalığa sahip olanların, psikolojik yardım almayanların, hastalık tipini bilenlerin, BİÖ ve BSÖ'den daha düşük puan aldıkları görüldü. Hastaların vücutta duyu kaybı, refleks kaybı, vücudunda şişlikler gibi semptomlara sahip BİÖ ve BSÖ puanları daha düşük bulundu (p<0,05). Hastaların BİÖ ile BSÖ puanları arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki saptandı. Sonuç: Hastaların beden imajı ve benlik saygılarını artırmak için hastalığın seyri, semptomları, tedavi yöntemleri ile ilgili eğitim programları ve psikolojik destek verilmesi önerilebilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Beden imajı; benlik saygısı; lepra
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Leprosy is a chronic disease that could cause a significant decrease in self esteem and body image in leprosy patients. This research aims to assess the factors affecting the body image and self-esteem and to compare them with healthy individuals in Leprosy. Material and Methods: This research performed 40 leprosy patients and 40 control as a case-control planned in cross-sectional study. Data were collected by applying the "information form", "body image scale (BIS)", "self-esteem scale (SES)". Chi-square, t-test, Tukey, Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data. Results: 52.5% of the patients were male, 70% were married, 67.5% had children, 60% had additional chronic disease, 67.5% had psychological help, 80% of the drug treatment, 72.5% did not know the disease type, 72.5% of the body was found to have swelling. The body image and self-esteem scale scores of the patients were found to be lower than the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of BIS and SES scores except for the age variable in the control group (p>0.05). It was seen that the children who had children had a score of BIS, those with additional chronic diseases, those who did not receive psychological help, those who knew the type of disease, had lower scores than those who received BSI and SES. Patients which had symptoms loss of sensation in the body, loss of reflexes, body masses were lower BSI scores (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between BIS and SES scores. Conclusion: For the purpose of increase the body image and self-esteem of the patients, it may be suggested to provide training programs and psychological support for the course, symptoms, treatment methods of the disease.

Keywords: Body image; self-esteem; leprosy
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