Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
LED ve Diyot Lazer ile Yapılan Ağartmanın Spektrofotometrik ve Morfolojik Açıdan Karşılaştırılması
Spectrophotometric and Morphologic Comparison of Bleaching with LED and Diode Laser
Ahmet HAZARa, Baran Can SAĞLAMb
aRestoratif Diş Tedavisi AD,
bEndodonti AD, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Zonguldak, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2019;25(2):133-9
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2018-62510
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu in vitro çalışmada, hidrojen peroksit ağartma materyalinin LED ışık cihazı ve diyot lazer ile kullanıldığında ağartma etkinliklerinin spektrofotometre yardımıyla karşılaştırılması ve taramalı elektron mikroskobuyla mine yüzeyindeki değişikliklerin gözlemlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereçler ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada 45 adet çekilmiş insan keser dişi kullanıldı. Dişler üç gruba ayrıldı (n=15). Grup 1 (kontrol): Dişler hiçbir aktivasyon yöntemi olmadan hidrojen peroksit ile ağartıldı. Grup 2: Dişler LED ışık kaynağı kullanılarak hidrojen peroksit ile ağartıldı. Grup 3: Dişler 810 nm diyot lazer kullanılarak hidrojen peroksit ile ağartıldı. Her gruptan üçer diş mikroskobik incelemede kullanılması için ayrıldı. Dişlerin ağartma öncesi ve sonrası renk ölçümleri bir spektrofotometre ile yapıldı ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu ile görüntüler alındı. Elde edilen veriler istatistiksel analiz için kaydedildi. Bulgular: En fazla renk değişimi diyot lazerin kullanıldığı grupta gözlenmesine rağmen, LED ve diyot lazerin kullanıldığı grupların ağartma etkinlikleri arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı. Diyot lazer grubunun ağartma etkinliği kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek bulundu. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, sadece diyot lazerin kullanıldığı grupta mine yüzeyinde defektler gözlendi. Sonuç: Hidrojen peroksit ile ağartma işlemlerinde diyot lazer kullanılması ağartma etkinliğinde anlamlı bir artışa neden olmuştur. Fakat diyot lazer ile yapılan ağartma işlemi sonrası mine yüzeyinde morfolojik değişiklikler gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diş ağartma; hidrojen peroksit; lazer
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide using with LED curing light and diode laser irradiation by spectrophotometer and observe it's effects on enamel structure by scanning electron microscope. Material and Methods: In this study, 45 extracted human incisors ere used. The teeth were divided into 3 groups (n=15). Group 1 (control): Bleaching with hydrogen peroxide without any activation method. Group 2: Teeth were bleached with hydrogen peroxide using LED irradiation. Group 3: Teeth were bleached with hydrogen peroxide using diode laser irradiation. Three tooth from each group was selected for microscopic examination. The color of teeth were measured before and after bleaching by spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscopy images were taken and recorded. The obtained data were recorded for statistical analyses. Results: Although the highest color change was observed in diode laser group, no statisically significant differences was found between LED and diode laser group. The bleaching efficacy of diode laser group was found statisticaly higher than the control group. Enamel surface defects were observed only in the group of diode laser according to the results of this study. Conclusion: The diode laser application in bleaching treatments with hydrogen peroxide showed significant improvement in bleaching effectiveness. However, after bleaching with diode laser, morphological changes were observed in enamel surfaces.

Keywords: Tooth bleaching; hydrogen peroxide; laser
REFERENCES:
  1. Çelik Ç. [Management of tooth discolorations]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Restor Dent-Special Topics. 2017;3(2):104-12.
  2. Perdigão J, Baratieri LN, Arcari GM. Contemporary trends and techniques in tooth whitening: a review. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent. 2004;16(3):185-210.
  3. Dahl JE, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching--a critical review of the biological aspects. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003;14(4):292-304. [Crossref]
  4. Plotino G, Buono L, Grande NM, Pameijer CH, Somma F. Nonvital tooth bleaching: a review of the literature and clinical procedures. J Endod. 2008;34(4):394-407. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  5. Feinman RA, Madray G, Yarborough D. Chemical, optical, and physiologic mechanisms of bleaching products: a review. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent. 1991;3(2):32-6.
  6. Kwon SR, Wertz PW, Li Y, Chan DC. Penetration patterns of rhodamine dyes into enamel and dentin: confocal laser microscopy observation. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2012;34(1):97-101. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. de Freitas PM, Menezes AN, da Mota AC, Simões A, Mendes FM, Lago AD, et al. Does the hybrid light source (LED/laser) influence temperature variation on the enamel surface during 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching? A randomized clinical trial. Quintessence Int. 2016;47(1):61-73.
  8. Gurgan S, Cakir FY, Yazici E. Different light-activated in-office bleaching systems: a clinical evaluation. Lasers Med Sci. 2010;25(6):817-22. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. Ontiveros JC. In-office vital bleaching with adjunct light. Dent Clin North Am. 2011;55(2): 241-53. [Crossref][PubMed]
  10. Dietschi D, Benbachir N, Krejci I. In vitro colorimetric evaluation of the efficacy of home bleaching and over-the-counter bleaching products. Quintessence Int. 2010;41(6):505-16.
  11. Araujo Fde O, Baratieri LN, Araújo E. In situ study of in-office bleaching procedures using light sources on human enamel microhardness. Oper Dent. 2010;35(2):139-46. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  12. Cervantes A, Valera M, Araujo MD. Microhardness study of bovine enamel to bleaching treatment activated for different sources of light. Braz Dent Sci. 2006;9(3):78-86.
  13. Joiner A. The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature. J Dent. 2006;34(7):412-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  14. Tung FF, Goldstein GR, Jang S, Hittelman E. The repeatability of an intraoral dental colorimeter. J Prosthet Dent. 2002;88(6):585-90. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  15. Kivanç BH, Arisu HD, Ulusoy Öİ, Sağlam BC, Görgül G. Effect of light-activated bleaching on pulp chamber temperature rise: an in vitro study. Aust Dent J. 2012;38(2):76-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. De Moor RJ, Verheyen J, Diachuk A, Verheyen P, Meire MA, De Coster PJ, et al. Insight in the chemistry of laser-activated dental bleaching. ScientificWorldJournal. 2015;2015: 650492. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
  17. Dostalova T, Jelinkova H, Housova D, Sulc J, Nemec M, Miyagi M, et al. Diode laser-activated bleaching. Braz Dent J. 2004;15 Spec No:SI1-3. [Crossref]
  18. Wetter NU, Barroso MC, Pelino JE. Dental bleaching efficacy with diode laser and LED irradiation: an in vitro study. Lasers Surg Med. 2004;35(4):254-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  19. Pleffken PR, Borges AB, Gonçalves SE, Rocha Gomes Torres C. The effectiveness of low-intensity red laser for activating a bleaching gel and its effect in temperature of the bleaching gel and the dental pulp. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2012;24(2):126-32.[Crossref] [PubMed]
  20. Kiomars N, Azarpour P, Mirzaei M, Hashemi Kamangar SS, Kharazifard MJ, Chiniforush N. Evaluation of the diode laser (810 nm,980 nm) on color change of teeth after external bleaching. Laser Ther. 2016;25(4):267-72. [Crossref] [PubMed][PMC]
  21. Mirzaie M, Yassini E, Ganji S, Moradi Z, Chiniforush N. A comparative study of enamel surface roughness after bleaching with diode laser and Nd:YAG laser. J Lasers Med Sci. 2016;7(3):197-200. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
  22. Fekrazad R, Alimazandarani S, Kalhori KA, Assadian H, Mirmohammadi SM. Comparison of laser and power bleaching techniques in tooth color change. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9 (4):e511-e5. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
  23. Koçak S, Koçak MM, Sağlam BC. Clinical comparison between the bleaching efficacy of light-emitting diode and diode laser with sodium perborate. Aust Endod J. 2014;40(1): 17-20. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  24. Hegedüs C, Bistey T, Flóra-Nagy E, Keszthelyi G, Jenei A. An atomic force microscopy study on the effect of bleaching agents on enamel surface. J Dent. 1999;27(7):509-15. [Crossref]
  25. Cavalli V, Rodrigues LK, Paes-Leme AF, Soares LE, Martin AA, Berger SB, et al. Effects of the addition of fluoride and calcium to low-concentrated carbamide peroxide agents on the enamel surface and subsurface. Photomed Laser Surg. 2011;29(5):319-25.[Crossref][PubMed]
  26. Rodrigues JA, Oliveira GP, Amaral CM. Effect of thickener agents on dental enamel microhardness submitted to at-home bleaching. Braz Oral Res. 2007;21(2):170-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  27. Berger SB, Cavalli V, Martin AA, Soares LE, Arruda MA, Brancalion ML, et al. Effects of combined use of light irradiation and 35% hydrogen peroxide for dental bleaching on human enamel mineral content. Photomed Laser Surg. 2010;28(4):533-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  28. Efeoglu N, Wood DJ, Efeoglu C. Thirty-five percent carbamide peroxide application causes in vitro demineralization of enamel. Dent Mater. 2007;23(7):9004. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  29. Bistey T, Nagy IP, Simó A, Hegedus C. In vitro FTIR study of the effects of hydrogen peroxide on superficial tooth enamel. J Dent. 2007;35(4):325-30. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  30. Santini A, Pulham CR, Rajab A, Ibbetson R. The effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent on the phosphate concentration of tooth enamel as sessed by Raman spectroscopy. Dent Traumatol. 2008;24(2): 220-3. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  31. Ubaldini AL, Baesso ML, Medina Neto A, Sato F, Bento AC, Pascotto RC. Hydrogen peroxide diffusion dynamics in dental tissues. J Dent Res. 2013;92(7):661-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  32. Abouassi T, Wolkewitz M, Hahn P. Effect of carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide on enamel surface: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig. 2011;15(5):673-80. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  33. Sato C, Rodrigues FA, Garcia DM, Vidal CM, Pashley DH, Tjäderhane L, et al. Tooth bleaching increases dentinal protease activity. J Dent Res. 2013;92(2):187-92.
  34. Efeoglu N, Wood D, Efeoglu C. Microcomputerized tomography evaluation of 10% carbamide peroxide applied to enamel. J Dent. 2005;33(7):561-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  35. ten Bosch JJ, Coops JC. Tooth color and reflectance as related to light scattering and enamel hardness. J Dent Res. 1995;74(1): 374-80. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  36. Wiegand A, Vollmer D, Foitzik M, Attin R, Attin T. Efficacy of different whitening modalities on bovine enamel and dentin. Clin Oral Investig. 2005;9(2):917. [Crossref][PubMed]
  37. Kwon SR, Wang J, Oyoyo U, Li Y. Evaluation of bleaching efficacy and erosion potential of four different over-the-counter bleaching products. Am J Dent. 2013;26(6):356-60.
  38. Ma X, Jiang T, Sun L, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y. Effects of tooth bleaching on the color and translucency properties of enamel. Am J Dent. 2009;22(6):324-8.
  39. Ma X, Li R, Sa Y, Liang S, Sun L, Jiang T, et al. Separate contribution of enamel and dentine to overall tooth colour change in tooth bleaching. J Dent. 2011;39(11):739-45. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  40. White DJ, Kozak KM, Zoladz JR, Duschner HJ, Götz H. Effects of crest whitestrips bleaching on surface morphology and fracture susceptibility of teeth in vitro. J Clin Dent. 2003;14(4):82-7.
  41. Duschner H, Götz H, White DJ, Kozak KM, Zoladz JR. Effects of hydrogen peroxide bleaching strips on tooth surface colour, surface microhardness, surface and subsurface ultrastructure, and microchemical (Raman spectroscopic) composition. J Clin Dent. 2006;17(3):72-8.
  42. Yeh ST, Su Y, Lu YC, Lee SY. Surface changes and acid dissolution of enamel after carbamide peroxide bleach treatment. Oper Dent. 2005;30(4):507-15.
  43. Borges AB, Torres CR, de Souza PA, Caneppele TM, Santos LF, Magalhães AC. Bleaching gels containing calcium and fluoride: effect on enamel erosion susceptibility. Int J Dent. 2012;2012:347848.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
  44. Canay S, Cehreli MC. The effect of current bleaching agents on the color of light-polymerized composites in vitro. J Prosthet Dent. 2003;89(5):474-8. [Crossref]
  45. Dostalova T, Jelinkova H, Housova D. Whitening of teeth using laser radiation support. Prakt Zubn Lek. 2003;51:75-82.
  46. Hess JA. Subsurface morphologic changes of Nd:YAG laser-etched enamel. Lasers Surg Med. 1997;21(2):193-7.[Crossref]

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com