Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: REVIEW
Küretaj ve Damgalanma: Bir Sistematik Derleme
Abortion and Stigmatization: A Systematic Review
Büşra YILMAZa, Nevin ŞAHİNa
aİstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Kadın Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2020;28(3):451-62
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2019-72414
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Küretaj sebepli damgalanma, kadın sağlığını olumsuz etkileyen durumlardandır. Bu çalışma, küretaj deneyimlemiş kadınların, toplumun ve sağlık profesyonellerinin küretaja yönelik görüş ve tutumlarını içeren çalışmaların sonuçlarını derleyerek, değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmış bir sistematik derlemedir. Derlemeye dâhil etme kriterlerini sağlayan 19 çalışmanın 5'i tanımlayıcı, 13'ü nitel ve 1'i hem tanımlayıcı hem nitel tasarım tipindedir. Çalışmaların örneklemini, toplum ve spesifik olarak küretaj deneyimleyen kadınlar, sağlık çalışanları ve üniversite öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmalar incelendiğinde; küretaj sebepli damgalanmanın kadınlarda anksiyete, korku, keder ve depresyona sebep olabileceği belirlenmiştir. Kadınların küretaj damgalanması yaşamalarında, toplumun ve sağlık bakım vericilerinin küretaja yönelik görüş ve tutumları önemlidir. Toplumun, küretaja karşı olumsuz tutum sergilemesinde toplumun dini görüşünün, kadının medeni hâlinin, birden fazla küretaj deneyimleme durumunun, gebe ve fetüsün genel sağlık durumunun önemli olduğu görülmüştür. Küretajın kirli bir iş ve sorgulanabilir ahlaki ölçüt olarak görülmesi, sağlık bakım vericilerinin ve küretaj uygulayıcılarının, küretaja yönelik görüşünü ve tutumunu etkilemektedir. Küretajın yasal olma durumunun ise hem toplumun hem de sağlık profesyonellerinin küretaja yönelik görüş ve tutumunu etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Küretaj damgalanması deneyimlemekten sakınan kadınların, güvenli olmayan gebelik sonlandırma yollarına başvurduğu görülmüştür. Bu sebeple kadın sağlığının korunup geliştirilmesinde küretaj sebepli damgalanmaların önlenmesi ya da en aza indirilmeye çalışılması hedeflenmelidir. Küretaja yönelik damgalanma toplumdan topluma farklılık gösterdiğinden, sağlık bakım vericileri kendi toplumlarına uygun bu konuda farkındalık oluşturacak eğitim ve destek programlarının yürütülmesinde aktif rol almalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Damgalanma; küretaj; gebeliğin sonlandırılması
ABSTRACT
 Stigmatization due to abortion is one of the conditions adversely affecting women's health. This study is a systematic review to review and evaluate the results of studies including opinions and attitudes of women, community and health professionals who have experienced abortion. Five of the nineteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were descriptive, thirteen were qualitative and one was both descriptive and qualitative. The sample of the study consists of women who experience abortion in society and specifically, health workers and university students. When the studies were examined; it has been determined that stigmatization due to abortion may cause anxiety, fear, grief and depression in women. The opinions and attitudes of the community and health care providers towards abortion are important for women to experience stigmatization of abortion. It was observed that the religious opinion of the society, the marital status of the woman, the experience of multiple abortions, and the general health status of the pregnant and fetus were important in the society's negative attitude towards abortion. The fact that abortion is seen as a dirty job and as a questionable moral criterion affects the opinion and attitude of health care providers and abortion practitioners towards abortion. It was determined that the legal status of abortion affects the opinions and attitudes of both the society and health professionals towards abortion. It was found that women who avoided experiencing abortion stigmatization resort to unsafe pregnancy termination methods. For this reason, it should be aimed to prevent or minimize the stigma due to abortion in the protection and promotion of women's health. Since stigma on abortion differs from community to community, health care providers should take an active role in conducting training and support programs that will raise awareness of this issue in their respective communities.

Keywords: Stigma; abortion; pregnancy termination
REFERENCES:
  1. Mosley EA, King EJ, Schulz AJ, Harris LH, De Wet N, Anderson BA. Abortion attitudes among South Africans: findings from the 2013 social attitudes survey. Cult Health Sex. 2017;19(8):918-33. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Loi UR, Otieno B, Oguttu, M, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Klingberg-Allvin M, Faxelid E, et al. Abortion and contraceptive use stigma: a cross-sectional study of attitudes and beliefs in secondary school students in western Kenya. Sex Reprod Health Matters. 2019;27(3):1652028. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. Gelman A, Rosenfeld EA, Nikolajski C, Freedman LR, Steinberg JR, Borrero S. Abortion stigma among low-income women obtaining abortions in western Pennsylvania: a qualitative assessment. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2017;49(1):29-36. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Esia-Donkoh K, Darteh EKM, Blemano H, Asare H. Who cares? Pre and post abortion experiences among young females in Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. Afr J Reprod Health. 2015;19(2):43-51. [PubMed] 
  5. Martin LA, Debbink M, Hassinger J, Youatt E, Harris LH. Abortion providers, stigma and professional quality of life. Contraception. 2014;90(6):581-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Hulme-Chambers A, Temple-Smith M, Davidson A, Coelli L, Orr C, Tomnay JE. Australian women's experiences of a rural medical termination of pregnancy service: a qualitative study. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2018;15:23-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Cockrill K, Biggs A. Can stories reduce abortion stigma? Findings from a longitudinal cohort study. Cult Health Sex. 2018;20(3):335-50. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Shellenberg KM, Tsui AO. Correlates of perceived and internalized stigma among abortion patients in the USA: an exploration by race and Hispanic ethnicity. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2012;118 Suppl 2:S152-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Rocca CH, Kimport K, Roberts SCM, Gould H, Neuhaus J, Foster DG. Decision rightness and emotional responses to abortion in the United States: a longitudinal study. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0128832. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Aiken ARA, Johnson DM, Broussard K, Padron E. Experiences of women in Ireland who accessed abortion by travelling abroad or by using abortion medication at home: a qualitative study. BMJ Sex Reprod Health. 2018;bmjsrh-2018-200113. [PubMed] 
  11. Oginni A, Ahmadu SK, Okwesa N, Adejo I, Shekerau H. Correlates of individual-level abortion stigma among women seeking elective abortion in Nigeria. Int J Womens Health. 2018;10:361-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Holcombe SJ, Berhe A, Cherie A. Personal beliefs and professional responsibilities: Ethiopian midwives' attitudes toward providing abortion services after legal reform. Stud Fam Plann. 2015;46(1):73-95. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Makleff S, Wilkins R, Wachsmann H, Gupta D, Wachira M, Bunde W, et al. Exploring stigma and social norms in women's abortion experiences and their expectations of care. Sex Reprod Health Matters. 2019;27(3):1661753. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Martin LA, Hassinger JA, Seewald M, Harris LH. Evaluation of abortion stigma in the workforce: development of the revised Abortion Providers Stigma Scale. Womens Health Issues. 2018;28(1):59-67. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Ahman E, Shah IH. New estimates and trends regarding unsafe abortion mortality. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2011;115(2):121-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Jewkes R, Rees H, Dickson K, Brown H, Levin J. The impact of age on the epidemiology of incomplete abortions in South Africa after legislative change. BJOG. 2005;112(3):355-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, 2014. 2013 Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı ve TÜBİTAK, Ankara, Türkiye.
  18. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, 2019. 2018 Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması, Temel Bulgular. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı ve TÜBİTAK, Ankara, Türkiye.
  19. Bommaraju A, Kavanaugh ML, Hou MY, Bessett D. Situating stigma in stratified reproduction: abortion stigma and miscarriage stigma as barriers to reproductive healthcare. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2016;10:62-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Smith W, Turan JM, White K, Stringer KL, Helova A, Simpson T, et al. Social norms and stigma regarding unintended pregnancy and pregnancy decisions: a qualitative study of young women in Alabama. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2016;48(2):73-81. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Kebede MT, Middelthon AL, Hilden PK. Negotiating the social and medical dangers of abortion in Addis Ababa: an exploration of young, unmarried women's abortion-seeking journeys. Health Care Women Int. 2018;39(2):186-207. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Kpolovie PJ, Oguwike A. Female students' attitude towards abortion. Int J Humanit Soc Sci Educ. 2017;4(11):98-120. [Crossref] 
  23. Yegon EK, Kabanya, PM, Echoka E, Osur J. Understanding abortion-related stigma and incidence of unsafe abortion: experiences from community members in Machakos and Trans Nzoia counties Kenya. Pan Afr Med J. 2016;24:258. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Grindlay K, Seymour JW, Fix L, Reiger S, Keefe-Oates B, Grossman D. Abortion knowledge and experiences among U.S. servicewomen: a qualitative study. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2017;49(4):245-52. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Hanschmidt F, Treml J, Klingner J, Stepan H, Kersting A. Stigma in the context of pregnancy termination after diagnosis of fetal anomaly: associations with grief, trauma, and depression. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2018;21(4):391-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Steinberg JR, Tschann JM, Furgerson D, Harper CC. Psychosocial factors and pre-abortion psychological health: the significance of stigma. Soc Sci Med. 2016;150:67-75. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Hoggart L, Newton VL, Bury L. 'Repeat abortion', a phrase to be avoided? Qualitative insights into labelling and stigma. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2017;43(1):26-30. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Cárdenas R, Labandera A, Baum SE, Chiribao F, Leus I, Avondet S, et al. "It's something that marks you": abortion stigma after decriminalization in Uruguay. Reprod Health. 2018;15(1):150. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Jayaweera RT, Ngui FM, Hall KS, Gerdts C. Women's experiences with unplanned pregnancy and abortion in Kenya: a qualitative study. PloS One. 2018;13(1):e0191412. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Mohamed D, Diamond-Smith N, Njunguru J. Stigma and agency: exploring young Kenyan women's experiences with abortion stigma and individual agency. Reprod Health Matters. 2018;26(52):1492285. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Begun S, Combs KM, Schwan K, Torrie M, Bender K. "I know they would kill me": abortion attitudes and experiences among youth experiencing homelessness. Youth Soc. 2018;52(8):1457-78. [Crossref] 
  32. Zordo SD. From women's 'irresponsibility' to foetal 'patienthood': obstetricians-gynaecologists' perspectives on abortion and its stigmatisation in Italy and Catalu-a. Glob Public Health. 2018;13(6):711-23. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. Aniteye P, O'Brien B, Mayhew SH. Stigmatized by association: challenges for abortion service providers in Ghana. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):486. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Kavanagh A, Wielding S, Cochrane R, Sim J, Johnstone A, Cameron S. 'Abortion' or 'termination of pregnancy'? Views from abortion care providers in Scotland, UK. BMJ Sex Reprod Health. 2018;44(2):122-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Sonalkar S, Gurney EP, McAllister A, Schreiber CA. A randomized pilot evaluation of individual-level abortion stigma resulting from Pennsylvania mandated abortion counseling. Contraception. 2017;96(4):227-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  36. Moseson H, Massaquoi M, Dehlendorf C, Bawo L, Dahn B, Zolia Y, et al. Reducing under-reporting of stigmatized health events using the List Experiment: results from a randomized, population-based study of abortion in Liberia. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(6):1951-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  37. Norup M. Attitudes towards abortion in the Danish population. Bioethics. 1997;11(5):439-49. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  38. Astbury-Ward E, Parry O, Carnwell R. Stigma, abortion, and disclosure--findings from a qualitative study. J Sex Med. 2012;9(12):3137-47. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  39. Levandowski BA, Kalilani-Phiri L, Kachale F, Awah P, Kangaude G, Mhango C. Investigating social consequences of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion in Malawi: the role of stigma. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2012;118 Suppl 2:S167-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com