Kürek sporu, dengesiz bir tekne içinde, gittiği yöne sırtı dönük, bütün ana kas guruplarını kullanarak mümkün olduğunca hızlı gitmek şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Kürek; güç, dayanıklılık, denge, teknik yeterlilik ve zihinsel disiplin gerektirir. Aerobik ve anaerobik kapasitenin ve gücün yüksek olması gereken bu spor dalında, sporcuların kara koşullarında da antrenman yapabilmelerini sağlamak amacıyla kürek ergometreleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu ergometreler ile yapılan 2.000 m yarış simülasyonunda kullanılan enerjinin %65-75'i aerobik ve %25-35'i anaerobik yoldan karşılanmaktadır. Uluslararası müsabakalarda yarışan sporcular yıllık antrenman planlamasında, aerobik ve anaerobik kapasite gelişiminin yanı sıra kuvvet, güç ve laktat toleransı antrenmanlarına da ağırlık verirler. Kürek sporcuları, hafif ve ağır olmak üzere 2 ayrı sıklette yarışır. Vücut ağırlıkları ve kompozisyonu her zaman uygun olmalıdır. Antrenmana adaptasyonu ve en iyi yarış performansına ulaşabilmeleri için her antrenman aşamasında uygun beslenme planı hazırlanması gerekmektedir. Kısa ya da uzun sürede antrenman ve yarış performansını etkilemesi açısından, beslenme planında eksik kalan besin ögelerini tamamlayacak ergojenik desteklerin sağlıklı nitelikte ve de uygun dozlarda olması önemlidir. Araştırmacıların bazıları makro besin ögeleri alımı açısından karbonhidrat ağırlıklı beslenmenin, bazıları ise düşük karbonhidratların ya da yüksek yağ içerikli beslenme programlarının dayanıklılık sporcularında egzersiz performansı üzerine potansiyel yararlarını bildirmişlerdir. Bu derlemenin amacı, kürek sporcusunun antrenman adaptasyonunu artırmak, genel sağlığı ve yarış performansını korumak ve de geliştirmek için beslenme ve ergojenik destek bilgileri vermektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kürek; beslenme; ergojenik yardımcılar
Rowing can be defined as going as fast as possible using all the main muscle groups of the human body while in an unstable boat, facing the opposite direction it is going. Rowing requires strength, endurance, balance, technical competence and mental discipline. In this sport, both aerobic and anaerobic capacity and strength must be high. Rowing ergometers have been developed in order to enable athletes to train in land. 65-75% of the energy used in the 2,000 m race simulation made with these ergometers is met by aerobic energy systems and 25- 35% by anaerobic energy systems. Alongside aerobic and anaerobic capacity development, athletes competing in international competitions focus on strength, power and lactate tolerance training in their yearly training regimen. Rowing athletes compete in 2 separate weights, light and heavy. Body weights and composition should always be appropriate. In order for them to adapt to training and achieve the best racing performance, a suitable nutrition plan should be prepared at each training stage. It is important that the ergogenic supplements that will complement the missing nutrients in the nutrition plan are of healthy quality and in appropriate doses, in terms of affecting training and racing performance in the short or long term. Some of the researchers reported the potential benefits of a carbohydrate-heavy diet in terms of macronutrient intake, while others reported the potential benefits of low-carbohydrate or high-fat nutrition programs on exercise performance in endurance athletes. The purpose of this review is to provide scientific information about nutrition and ergogenic aids in order to increase the training adaptation, and to protect and improve general health and racing performance of rowing athletes.
Keywords: Rowing; nutrition; ergogenic aids
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