Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalıklarının Psikososyal Boyutu ve Manevi Başa Çıkma Stratejileri: Hasta Deneyimleri Üzerine Fenomenolojik Bir Çalışma
Psychosocial Dimension of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Spiritual Coping Strategies: A Phenomenological Study on Patient Experiences
Sema TOKERa , Sevda UZUNb , Seda RAMAZANOĞLUc
aKütahya Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Pazarlar Meslek Yüksekokulu, Kütahya, Türkiye
bGümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Psikiyatri Hemşireliği AD, Gümüşhane, Türkiye
cBozüyük Devlet Hastanesi, Bilecik, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(4):1248-56
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2024-102400
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) hastalarının yaşantılarını psikososyal boyutu ile ele alarak, manevi başa çıkma stratejilerini ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırmada, nitel araştırma deseni olan fenomenolojik araştırma tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Otuz üç KOAH hastası ile yürütülen nitel araştırmada görüşmeler, bireysel biçimde ve yüz yüze gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma verileri, Colaizzi'nin fenomenolojik analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Verilerin analizinde 4 kategori (yaşanan zorluklar, hastalıkta semptom yönetimi ve baş etme, maneviyata yönelik düşünceler ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi için yapılanlar) 12 ana tema (bilgi, uygulama, semptomlar, destek kaynakları, manevi başa çıkma yöntemleri, fiziksel başa çıkma yöntemleri, günlük yaşam ve baş etmede dinî unsurlar, yaşamın amacı, geleceğe dair beklentiler, öz kabullenme, fiziki uygulamalar ve psikolojik uygulamalar) saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonucunda, KOAH hastalarında hastalık yükünün çok fazla olduğu ve bu durumun bireylerin ruh sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Bireyler KOAH'ın getirdiği bu yük nedeniyle fiziksel, ruhsal ve sosyal sorunlar yaşamakta ve bu durum bireylerin yaşam kalitelerini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bireylerin KOAH'ın zorluğu ile baş etmede dinî unsurlardan yararlandığı özellikle yaşamın amacını düşünme, umudu destekleme, öz kabul gibi durumların bireylerin maneviyatları üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, KOAH hastalarının manevi ihtiyaçlarının değerlendirilerek giderilmeye çalışılmasının bireylerin iyilik hâlleri üzerine etkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı; psikososyal boyut; manevi başa çıkma; nitel çalışma
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal the spiritual coping strategies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients by addressing their experiences with psychosocial dimension. Material and Methods: Phenomenological research design, which is a qualitative research design, was used in this study. In the qualitative research conducted with 33 COPD patients, interviews were conducted individually and face-to-face. The study data were analysed using Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method. Results: In the analysis of the data, four categories (difficulties experienced, symptom management and coping in the disease, thoughts towards spirituality, and things done for a healthy lifestyle) and twelve main themes (knowledge, practice, symptoms, sources of support, spiritual coping methods, physical coping methods, religious elements in daily life and coping, purpose of life, expectations for the future, self-acceptance, physical practices and psychological practices) were identified. Conclusion: The study revealed, it was determined that the burden of disease is very high in COPD patients and this situation negatively affects the mental health of individuals. Individuals experience physical, mental and social problems due to this burden of COPD and this situation negatively affects the quality of life of individuals. It was determined that individuals benefit from religious elements in coping with the difficulty of COPD disease, especially situations such as thinking about the purpose of life, supporting hope, self-acceptance are effective on the spirituality of individuals. Therefore, it is thought that evaluating and trying to meet the spiritual needs of COPD patients may be effective on the well-being of individuals.

Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; psychosocial dimension; spiritual coping; qualitative study
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