Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Kronik Hastalığı Olan Yaşlı Bireylerde İlaç İnancının ve Tedaviye Uyumun Değerlendirilmesi
Evaluation of Beliefs About Medicines and Medication Adherence Among Elderly People with Chronic Diseases
Fikriye YILMAZa, Meriç YAVUZ ÇOLAKa
aSağlık Yönetimi Bölümü, Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ankara
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2018;3(2):113-21
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2017-58835
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Kronik hastalığı olan 65 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin ilaçlar hakkındaki inançlarını ve ilaç tedavisine uyumunu değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma kesitsel saha araştırmasıdır. Çalışmanın evreni, Nisan 2016 tarihinde Ankara'da bir vakıf üniversitesi hastanesinin aile hekimliği polikliniklerine başvuran ve kronik hastalığı olan yaşlı bireyler olarak belirlenmiş ve rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 270 yaşlı birey örnekleme dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket kullanılmıştır. Anket formu yaşlı bireylerin sosyodemografik özelliklerini, genel sağlık durumlarını ve ilaç kullanım durumlarını belirlemeye yönelik sorular ile İlaçlar Hakkında İnançlar Anketi (BMQ-T) ve Morisky Green Levine Uyum Ölçeği (MGLS)'nden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verileri tanımlayıcı istatistikler, ki-kare testi, bağımsız iki örneklem t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan 270 yaşlının %53,3'ü erkek olup, yaş ortalaması 72,35±6,06 yıl'dır; %36,3'ünün eğitim düzeyi lise ve üzeridir. Katılımcıların ilaç inançları değerlendirildiğinde; yaş, meslek, polimorbidite, ilaç bilgisi, ilaç sayısı ve ilacı kendi kullanma durumu ile inancın farklı boyutları arasında ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Katılımcıların MGLS ölçeğine göre ilaç tedavisine uyumları incelendiğinde %72,6'sının ilaç tedavisine uyum sağlamadığı belirlenmiştir. En yüksek ilaç uyumsuzluğunun diyabetli hastalar arasında olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Medeni durum, meslek, sağlık okuryazarlığı, kullandığı ilaçlar hakkında bilgi sahibi olma, ilacını kendi kullanma, reçetesiz ilaç kullanımı, ilaçların gerekli olduğu inancı ve ilaçların aşırı kullanıldığı inancı ilaç uyumunu etkileyen faktörler olarak belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç: Çalışmada, kronik hastalığı olan yaşlı bireylerde sağlık okuryazarlığı ve ilaç bilgisinin yanı sıra ilaçlar ile ilgili olumlu ve olumsuz inançların, ilaç tedavisine uyumun önemli belirleyicileri ve müdahale alanları olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaşlı; ilaç uyumu; kronik hastalık
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the beliefs about medicines and the medication adherence of individuals 65 years and older with chronic diseases. Material and Methods: The study is a cross-sectional field survey. The sample was identified as 270 elderly individuals with chronic diseases who were admitted to a family medicine clinic of a foundation university hospital in Ankara in April 2016 selected by random sampling and agreed to participate in the survey. The questionnaire consists of questions about determining the socio-demographic characteristics, general health status and medication use status of elderly individuals, and the Beliefs about Medications Questionnaire and the Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale (MGLS). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent two-sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results: In the study, 53.3% of the 270 elderly were male and the mean age was 72.35±6.06 years; education level of 36.3% is high school and above. It was found that age, occupation, polymorbidity, having drug information, number of medications, and self-medication are factors affecting the beliefs about medications (p<0.05). According to the MGLS, 72.6% did not comply with the drug treatment. The highest medication non-adherence was found among diabetic patients (p<0.05). It was identified marital status, occupation, health literacy, having drug information, self-medication, over the counter drugs, the belief that drugs are necessary and the belief that drugs are overused are factors affecting the medication adherence (p<0.05). Conclusion: In the study, it was reached that positive and negative beliefs about medications as well as health literacy and having drug information are important determinants and intervention areas of the medication adherence among elderly patients with chronic diseases.

Keywords: Aged; medication adherence; chronic disease

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