Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology

.: REVIEW
Kornea İçi Halka Segmenti Uygulamaları
Intracorneal Ring Segment Applications: Review
Mustafa KOÇa
aGöz Hastalıkları Kliniği, Ulucanlar Göz Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara
Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol. 2017;26(2):114-22
doi: 10.5336/ophthal.2016-50750
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Başta keratokonus olmak üzere, korneanın ektatik hastalıklarının tedavisi günümüz oftalmoloji pratiğinin önemli problemlerinden biridir. Tedavide öncelikli amaç hastalığın progresyonunu durdurmaktır. Günümüzde bunun tek yolu korneal çapraz bağlama (KÇB) tedavisidir. Tedavideki ikinci amaç ise hastanın görmesini artırmak, yani optik rehabilitasyon sağlamaktır. Gözlük, kontakt lens, kornea içi halka segmentleri (KİHS), topografi veya wavefront kılavuzlu fotorekraktif keratektomi (PRK) ve keratoplasti optik rehabilitasyon amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Keratokonusta optik rehabilitasyonun önemli bir parçası olan KİHS, 2000 yılından bu yana başarıyla kullanılmaktadır. Femtosaniye lazerin kullanımının yaygınlaşması KİHS'nin uygulanmasını kolaylaştırmış, komplikasyonları azaltmıştır. Ayrıca korneada doku kaybına yol açmayan, minimal invaziv ve en önemlisi geri dönüşü olan bu uygulamanın ön görülebilirliği üretici firmalar tarafından yayımlanan nomogramlarla daha da artmıştır. Bu nedenle kullanımları gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. KİHS korneanın tüm ektatik hastalıklarında, keratoplasti, radiyal keratotomi ya da travma sonrası gelişen düzensiz astigmat durumlarında kullanılabilir. Ancak en önemli endikasyonu, sert kontakt lens intoleransı dışındaki hastayı sert kontakt lens kullanabilir hâle getirmektir. Ancak allerjik konjunktivit gibi nedenlerle sürekli gözü kaşınan hastalarda sert kontakt lens intoleransı olsa bile KİHS uygulamalarından kaçınılmalıdır. Günümüzde KİHS uygulamalarının tümü Intacs, Intacs SK, Ferrara ve Keraring ile yapılmaktadır. Bunların kalınlığı arttıkça ve optik çapı küçüldükçe etkinliği de artmaktadır. Çünkü Barraquer kalınlık teorisine göre, kornea periferine ne kadar kalın materyal eklenirse kornea santralinde o kadar düzleşme sağlanır. Son zamanlarda segment uygulamalarının KÇB, topografi ve wavefront kılavuzlu PRK ile kombine edilmesi optik rehabilitasyonun başarısını artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada da KİHS modelleri, endikasyonları, uygulama yöntemleri, sonuçları, komplikasyonları ve diğer güncel uygulamalarla olan kombinasyonları özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Keratokonus; kornea topografisi; korneal stroma
ABSTRACT
The management of ectatic corneal diseases, especially keratoconus is a challenging issue for ophthalmology practitioners. Primary goal of the management is to halt the progression of the disease. Corneal crosslinking (CXL) is the only halting treatment modality. The second goal of the management is to provide optical rehabilitation. Current methods of visual rehabilitation are glasses, contact lenses, intracorneal ring segments (ICRS), topography or wavefront guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and keratoplasty. ICRS has been widely used since 2000 in patients with keratoconus. Increased use of femtosecond laser facilitated the applications of these devices and reduced the complication rates. The application of ICRS is minimally invazive, reversible and do not cause corneal tissue loss. Nomograms published by manufacturers increased the predictability of the application. Therefore, the use of ICRS gradually increases. ICRS may be used in all corneal ectatic diseases and post-keratoplasty, post-radial keratotomy and post-traumatic irreguler astigmatism conditions. The most important indication for ICRS is to bring the hard-to-fit eyes to an appropriate condition for rigide gas permable contact lens fitting. However, ICRS applications should be avoided in eyes with permanent itching even if there is the rigide contact lens intolerance. All ICRS applications are made with Intacs, Intacs SK, Ferrara and Keraring today. The segment effectiveness increases as the thickness increases and the optical diameter decreases. Because, according to Barraquer thickness law the flattening effect of these devices is proportional to the thickness. In recent years, the combination of ICRS with corneal CXL and topography/wavefront guided PRK has increased the success rates of the optical rehabilitation. The ICRS models, indications, application methods, clinical results, complications and current combination therapies were discussed and summarized in this review.

Keywords: Keratoconus; corneal topography; corneal stroma

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