Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Veterinary Sciences

.: REVIEW
Köpek ve Kedilerde Kronik Böbrek Hastalığının Komplikasyonlarına Genel Bakış: Geleneksel Derleme
An Overview to Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs and Cats: Traditional Review
Mehmet MADENa, Merve Cansu KILIÇKAYAa, Süleyman Serhat İYİGÜNa
aSelçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Klinik Bilimler Bölümü, İç Hastalıkları ABD, Konya, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci. 2022;13(2):72-80
doi: 10.5336/vetsci.2022-87948
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Kronik böbrek hastalığı (KBH); böbreklerde önemli nefron kayıpları ile seyreden, geri dönüşümsüz (irreversibl) ve tipik olarak ilerleyici (progressive), yapısal ve/veya işlevsel bozukluk olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Başta orta ve ileri yaşlı kedi ve köpekler olmak üzere, her yaştaki evcil hayvanlarda görülen böbrek hastalıklarının en yaygın türüdür. KBH insidansı, köpek ve kedilerde sırasıyla %0,5-1,5 ve %1-3 arasında görülmektedir. Geriatrik kedilerde KBH prevalansının, geriatrik köpeklerden daha yüksek olduğu ve %35-81 gibi yüksek oranlarda seyrettiği bildirilmektedir. Tubulointerstisyel yangı ve fibrozis ile karakterize olan KBH; genetik, çevresel ve bireysel faktörlerin etkin olduğu karmaşık ve ilerleyici bir hastalık tablosu ile seyreder. Böbrek hasarına cevap olarak; hemodinamik adaptasyonlar, sistemik hipertansiyon, renin-anjiyotensin aldosteron sisteminin aktivasyonu, proteinüri, hiperfosfatemi, hipoksi ve oksidatif stres gelişir. Başlangıç nedeni ne olursa olsun, yangı ve fibrozise ilerleyen, yavaş seyirli böbrek hasarı oluşur. Hastalığın ilerlemesi ile ilişkili faktörlerin anlaşılması, hastalığın ilerlemesini yavaşlatabilen terapötik müdahale potansiyeli sağlar. Bu çerçevede böbrek fonksiyonu, homeostatik adaptasyonlar ve böbrek hasarının sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi, komplikasyonların belirlenmesi ve yönetimi, KBH tedavisinin en önemli unsurlarını oluşturmaktadır. KBH olgularında böbrek fonksiyon kaybına paralel olarak; anemi, sistemik hipertansiyon, kardiyovasküler ve gastrointestinal bozukluklar, asit-baz dengesi ve elektrolit bozuklukları, hormonal değişiklikler, lipid metabolizması bozuklukları ve üremik ensefalopati gibi komplikasyonlar gelişmektedir. KBH'li hastaların böbrek fonksiyonlarının korunması ve yaşam kalitesinin iyileştirilmesinde bu komplikasyonların bilinmesi, destekleyici ve semptomatik tedavi uygulamalarıyla iyi yönetilebilmesi önemlidir. Bu anlamda KBH yönetimi, bir komplikasyon yönetimi olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Bu derlemede, KBH olgularında gelişen anemi, sistemik hipertansiyon, kardiyovasküler ve gastrointestinal bozukluklar, asit-baz dengesi, elektrolitler ve hormonlarla ilgili değişiklikler, lipid metabolizması bozuklukları ve nörolojik komplikasyonlar özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kronik böbrek hastalığı; komplikasyon; köpek; kedi
ABSTRACT
 Chronic kidney disease (CKD); It is defined as an irreversible and typically progressive structural and/or functional disorder with significant loss of nephrons in the kidneys. It is the most common type of kidney disease seen in pets of all ages, especially middle and older cats and dogs. The incidence of CKD is seen between 0.5-1.5% and 1-3% in dogs and cats, respectively. It has been reported that the prevalence of CKD in geriatric cats is higher than that of geriatric dogs, with a high rate of 35-81%. CKD characterized by tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis; It progresses with a complex and progressive disease in which genetic, environmental and individual factors are effective. In response to kidney damage; hemodynamic adaptations, systemic hypertension, activation of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, proteinuria, hyperphosphatemia, hypoxia and oxidative stress develop. Regardless of the initial cause, slowly progressing kidney damage occurs that progresses to inflammation and fibrosis. Understanding the factors associated with disease progression provides the potential for therapeutic intervention that can slow disease progression. In this context, evaluation of kidney function, homeostatic adaptations and consequences of kidney damage, determination and management of complications constitute the most important elements of CKD treatment. Parallel to the loss of kidney function in CKD cases; some complications develop. It is important to be aware of these complications and to manage them well with supportive and symptomatic treatment practices in protecting the kidney functions and improving the quality of life of patients with CKD. In this sense, CKD management should be considered as a complication management. In this review, anemia, systemic hypertension, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders, acid-base balance, changes in electrolytes and hormones, lipid metabolism disorders and neurological complications in CKD patients are summarized.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; complication; dog; cat
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"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com