Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Prevention of Pressure Ulcer: Intensive Care Units Sample in Turkey
Basınç Yarasının Önlenmesine İlişkin Hemşirelerin Bilgi ve Tutumları: Yoğun Bakım Üniteleri Örneği
Tuba YILMAZERa, Hilal TÜZERa, Ayşegül ERCİYASb
aDepartment of Nursing, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Health Sciences,
bAnkara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2019;11(2):140-7
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2018-63157
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study focused on assessing the knowledge and attitudes of nurses towards pressure ulcer (PU) prevention in intensive care units. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was performed in eight intensive care units. 81 out of 95 nurses completed the questionnaire. The response rate of those WHO completed the questionnaire was 85.3%. As the data collection form of the study, "nurse information tool", "tool for PU information" and "attitude toward PU tool (APuP)" were used. The participating nurses were fully informed by the researcher about the purpose and method of the study and were asked to complete the tools. Results: Approximately half of the nurses (48.1%) in intensive care units about knowledge of prevention of pressure ulcer is inadequate. Moreover, only in less than a quarter (21%) of the nurses have an attitude scores of equal to or greater than 75%. A significant negative correlation existed between knowledge levels and attitudes of nurses to prevent pressure ulcer (p<0.05). In other words, the positive attitudes of nurses decrease, as the level of knowledge to prevent pressure ulcer increases. Conclusion: In conclusion, nurses' knowledge on prevention of pressure ulcer in intensive care units is inadequate. This study also explored that only in less than a quarter of the nurses' attitudes towards pressure ulcer prevention is positive. As the knowledge level of the nurses increases, the decrease in their positive attitudes is also thought provoking. In this study, it is thought that the individual differences of nurses are more effective on positive attitude than knowledge. Strategic plans (regular individual training, prevention policies and management, etc.) are necessary to improve both knowledge and positive attitude towards prevention of pressure ulcer.

Keywords: Pressure ulcer; prevention; knowledge; attitude; nursing
ÖZET
 Amaç: Araştırma, basınç yarasının önlenmesine ilişkin yoğun bakımda çalışan hemşirelerin bilgi ve tutumlarını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma, bir üniversite hastanesinin sekiz yoğun bakım ünitesinde kesitsel olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde toplam 95 hemşire görev yapmaktadır ve bu hemşirelerin 81'i (%85,3) araştırmaya katılmayı kabul ederek anketleri tamamlamıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama formu olarak, "hemşire bilgi formu", "basınç yarasına yönelik bilgi formu" ve "basınç yarasını önlemeye yönelik tutum ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan bütün hemşirelere araştırmanın amacı ve yöntemi açıklanmıştır. Bulgular: Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde görev yapan hemşirelerin yaklaşık yarısının (%48,1) basınç yarasının önlenmesi konusunda bilgi düzeyinin yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, hemşirelerin sadece dörtte birinden azı (%21), %75'e eşit veya daha yüksek olumlu tutum oranına sahiptir. Basınç yarasını önlemek için hemşirelerin bilgi düzeyleri ile tutumları arasında anlamlı bir negatif korelasyon bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Başka bir deyişle, hemşirelerin basınç yarasını önleme bilgi düzeyi arttıkça olumlu tutumları azalmaktadır. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, yoğun bakım ünitelerinde görev yapan hemşirelerin basınç yarasının önlenmesi konusundaki bilgisi yetersizdir. Bu araştırma, hemşirelerin yalnızca dörtte birinden azının basınç yarası önleme konusundaki tutumlarının olumlu olduğunu da göstermiştir. Ayrıca hemşirelerin bilgi düzeyi arttıkça olumlu tutumlarının azalması da düşündürücüdür. Bu çalışmada hemşirelerin pozitif tutumları üzerine bilginin yanı sıra bireysel farklılıklarının daha etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Basınç yarasının önlenmesine yönelik hem bilgiyi hem de olumlu tutumu geliştirmek için stratejik planlar (düzenli bireysel eğitim, önleme politikaları ve yönetimi vb.) gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Basınç yarası; önleme; bilgi; tutum; hemşirelik
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