Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: REVIEW
Klinik Nörobilişsel Fonksiyonel Performans Testleri: Geleneksel Derleme
Clinical Neurocognitive Functional Performance Tests: Traditional Review
Ebru TEKİNa, Fatma ÜNVERb
aBalıkesir Üniversitesi Bigadiç Meslek Yüksekokulu, Terapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü, Balıkesir, Türkiye
bPamukkale Üniversitesi Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Fakültesi, Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü, Denizli, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2023;15(2):317-22
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2022-90527
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Klinikte fonksiyonel performans testleri (FPT) (örneğin atlama, denge vb.), genellikle fizyoterapistler ve spor bilimciler tarafından bir sporcunun performansını, yaralanma risk profilini, yaralanma sonrası durumunu, rehabilitasyon sürecini ve spora geri dönmeye hazır olup olmadığını belirlemek için kullanılır. FPT yalnızca fiziksel performansı ölçmekle sınırlandırılmıştır. Oysaki spor aktiviteleri sadece fiziksel performanstan etkilenmez, çevresel uyaranlardan ve nörobilişsel yetenekten etkilenir. Bu sebeple FPT, nörobilişsel yeteneği de ölçen parametreler eklenerek yeni testler oluşturulmaya başlanmıştır. Bu testler, nörobilişsel fonksiyonel performans testleri olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, son 3 yıl içinde yayımlanmış olan klinik nörobilişsel fonksiyonel performans testlerinden bahsetmektir. Tüm yayınlar çalışma yöntemleri ve bulguları açısından sistematize edilerek incelenmiştir. Nörobilişsel fonksiyonel performans testleri, görsel uyaranların eklendiği reaksiyon zamanını ölçen Fitlight-training sistem kullanılarak zenginleştirilmiş testlerdir. Belirli bir testi uyarlamak için çok sayıda değişken (örneğin sensör sırası, ışık rengi/tipi, sinyal zaman aşımı ve gecikme veya sesi) değiştirilebilir. Nörobilişsel sıçrama testleri, reaktif denge testi ve motor kognitif testler sensörler kullanılarak tasarlanmış testlerdir. Bu şekilde çevre algısı ve karar vermeyi birleştiren nörobilişsel fonksiyonel performans testleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu testler, farklı belirsizlikler içerir ve sporcunun karar verme, denge ve görsel-motor tepki süresi ile ilgili bileşenlerin kapasitesini test eder. Fakat testlerde sporcunun kaygı veya motivasyonunu etkileyen ses ve insan faktörünün olmaması sebebiyle hâlâ gerçek bir spor ortamı sağlanabilmiş değildir. İşitsel ve somatosensöriyel uyaranlar eklenerek testler zenginleştirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sporcu; fonksiyonel performans test; nörobilişsel
ABSTRACT
 Clinically, functional performance tests (FPT) (e.g. jumping, balance, etc.) are often used by physiotherapists and sports scientists to determine an athlete's performance, injury risk profile, post-injury status, rehabilitation process, and readiness to return to sports. FPT is limited to measuring physical performance only. However, sports activities are not only affected by physical performance, but also by environmental stimuli and neurocognitive ability. For this reason, new tests have been started to be created by adding parameters that measure FPT and neurocognitive ability. These tests are called neurocognitive functional performance tests. The aim of this study is to talk about clinical neurocognitive functional performance tests published in the last 3 years. All publications were systematized and examined in terms of study methods and findings. Neurocognitive functional performance tests are enriched tests using the Fitlight-training system, which measures the reaction time to which visual stimuli are added. Numerous variables (eg sensor order, light color/type, signal timeout and delay or sound) can be changed to tailor a particular test. Neurocognitive jump tests, reactive balance tests and motor cognitive tests are tests designed using sensors. In this way, neurocognitive functional performance tests have been developed that combine environmental perception and decision making. These tests contain different uncertainties and test the capacity of the components related to decision making, balance and visual-motor reaction time of the athlete. However, due to the absence of sound and human factors affecting the anxiety or motivation of the athlete in the tests, a real sports environment has still not been achieved. Tests can be enriched by adding auditory and somatosensory stimuli.

Keywords: Athlete; functional performance test; neurocognitive
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