Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Veterinary Sciences

.: REVIEW
Kedi ve Köpeklerde Karaciğer Hastalıklarının Tanısında Laboratuvar Bulgularının Değerlendirilmesi
Evaluation of Laboratory Findings in Diagnosis of Liver Diseases in Cats and Dogs
Kürşad TURGUTa, Mehmet Ege İNCEa
aYakın Doğu Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları ABD, Lefkoşa, KIBRIS
Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci. 2020;11(1):45-52
doi: 10.5336/vetsci.2019-72353
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Karaciğer; anatomik ve fonksiyonel olarak gastrointestinal kanal ve dolaşım sistemi arasında yer alan, sindirim sisteminin önemli bir organıdır. Karaciğer, safra yolları veya portal ven hastalıklarının kesin tanısı genellikle çok-adımlı bir yaklaşım gerektirir. Bu hastalarda ortaya çıkabilecek klinik semptomlar genellikle spesifik değildir. Karaciğer hastalığı için spesifik klinik semptomların olmaması nedeni ile, karaciğer hastalığı şüphesi olan hastalarda klinik bulguların yorumlanmasına yardımcı olabilecek bazı faktörlerin göz önünde bulundurulması gerekir. Karaciğer testleri hepatik problemlerin teşhisi, kontrolü ve prognozu için gerekli bilgileri sağlamak amacıyla uygulanmalıdır. Laboratuvar; bulgular ilgili patolojik gelişmenin çeşidini belirlemede, takip edilmesi gereken tedavi şeklinin tespitinde ve prognozda yardımcı olur. Karaciğer fonksiyonundaki bozukluklar, karaciğerden ziyade diğer organ sistemlerinin fonksiyonunu etkileyebilir. Karaciğer ayrıca sıklıkla ikincil olarak diğer organ sistemlerinin hastalıklarına da (ikincil karaciğer hastalığı) katılır; böylece aynı belirtiler, anormal laboratuvar ve morfolojik bulgular primer karaciğer hastalığında olduğu gibi ortaya çıkabilir. Hücresel, biliyer ve vasküler karmaşıklık nedeni ile, karaciğer fonksiyonunu değerlendiren birçok test geliştirilmiştir. Bu testler ve incelemeler hepatosit fonksiyonu ve membran bütünlüğü, portal dolaşım, hepatobiliyer fonksiyon ve enterohepatik dolaşımı değerlendirmeyi amaçlar. Hepatik bileşenlerin yakın anatomik ve iç içe geçmiş fonksiyonel ilişkileri nedeni ile, çeşitli karaciğer patolojileri, portal dolaşım ve ekstrahepatik hastalık bulguları örtüşmektedir. Kesin tanı genellikle sadece laboratuvar bulgularını değil, aynı zamanda histolojik değişikliklerle birlikte alınan görüntüleme (radyoloji, ultrasonografi ve sintigrafi) verilerini kapsayan bilgileri de içerir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Karaciğer; kedi; köpek; klinik laboratuvar teknikleri
ABSTRACT
 The liver is a vital body organ located between circulatory and digestive systems as anotomically and functionaly. A definitive diagnosis of a disease of the liver, biliary tract, or portal vein usually requires a multi-step approach. The clinical symptoms, which may occur in patients with these diseases, are often nonspecific. Because of the lack of specific clinical signs for liver disease, a few factors need to be considered that may help with the interpretation of clinical findings in patients with suspected liver disease. Disturbances in liver function may affect the function of other organ systems, which may point to a disease process of that organ rather than to the liver. The liver is also often secondarily involved in diseases of other organ systems (secondary liver disease), so that the same symptoms, abnormal laboratory and morphologic findings can occur as with primary liver disease. Multiple tests have been developed to assess liver function because of this cellular, biliary, and vascular complexity. These tests and examinations aim to evaluate hepatocyte function and membrane integrity, the portal circulation, hepatobiliary function, and the enterohepatic circulation. Due to the intimate anatomic and intertwining functional relationships of hepatic components, there is frequent overlap of findings with varied pathology of the liver, the portal circulation and extrahepatic diseases. The final diagnosis often involves integration of information based not only on laboratory findings but also those of diagnostic imaging (radiology, ultrasonography, and scintigraphy) taken together with histological changes.

Keywords: Liver; cats; dogs; clinical laboratory techniques
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