Current Opinion in Anesthesiology

Kardiyopulmoner resüssitasyonda ilaç tedavileri ve trombolitikler
Kardiyopulmoner resüssitasyonda ilaç tedavileri ve trombolitikler
Fabian Spöhra, Volker Wenzelb ve Bernd W. Böttigera
aDepartment of Anaesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany and bDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Derlemenin amacı
Kardiyopulmoner resüssitasyonda, sağkalıma veya taburcu olma süresine faydası olduğu bilinen, spesifik bir ilaç terapisi bulunmamaktadır; ancak bazılarının kısa dönem faydaları gösterilmiştir. Bu makalede, yakın zaman içinde vazopresörler, antiaritmikler ve trombolitik ajanlar üzerine yapılmış olan çalışmalar değerlendirilecektir.

Son bulgular

Yüksek doz adrenalin kullanımı (> 1 mg) genel olarak önerilmemektedir; ancak uzayan resüssitasyonlarda kullanımı düşünülebilir. Adrenaline üstünlüğü kanıtlanmış herhangi bir katekolamin bulunmamaktadır. Arginin vazopressinin ventriküler fibrilasyonlu ve nabızsız elektriksel aktiviteli kişilerde adrenalinle eşit etkinlikte olup asistolide ve refrakter kardiyak arrestlerde (adrenalinden sonra uygulandığında) adrenalinden daha etkin olabilir. Arteryel gaz analizi yapılmadıkça ve tüm resüssitasyon girişimleri yanıtsız kalmadıkça, körü körüne sodyum bikarbonat vermek yanlıştır. Amiodaron ve lidokain arasından, kısa dönem sağkalımında faydası olduğu bilinen amiodaron tercih edil-melidir. Pulmoner emboli veya akut miyokard enfarktüsünden şüphelenilen kardiyak resüssitasyonlarda trombolitik tedaviden fayda sağlanılabilir.
Özet
Adrenalin, kardiyak resüssitasyonun halen en önde gelen vazopresörüdür. Asistolili hastalarda veya adrenaline yanıt alınamayan durumlarda arginin vazopressin kullanımı düşünülebilir. Kardiyak arrestlerde tercih edilecek antiaritmik ajan amiodaron olmalıdır. Trombolitik tedavi, ümit vadetmekle beraber, sürmekte olan büyük, çokmerkezli bir çalışmanın sonuçlarını beklemek akılcı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: antiaritmik ajan, kardiyopulmoner resüssitasyon, tromboliz, vazopresör ajan
ABSTRACT
Purpose of review
During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, no specific drug therapy has been shown to improve survival to hospital discharge after cardiac arrest, and only few drugs have a proven benefit for short-term survival. This article reviews recent experimental and clinical data about vasopressor, antiarrhythmic and thrombolytic agents.
Recent findings
General use of high-dose epinephrine (> 1 mg) can not be recommended, whereas it should be considered during prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation. No catecholamine superior to epinephrine has been identified. Arginine vasopressin has been shown to be as effective as epinephrine in patients with ventricular fibrillation and pulseless electrical activity, and may be more effective in patients presenting with asystole or as the second vaso-pressor (after epinephrine) in refractory cardiac arrest. Sodium bicarbonate should not be 'blindly' administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation unless an arterial blood gas analysis can be obtained, or after prolonged unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Amiodarone should be preferred over lidocaine, since it may improve short-term survival. Thrombolytic therapy during cardio-pulmonary resuscitation may be beneficial if a pulmonary embolism or acute myocardial infarction is suggested to be the cause of the cardiac arrest.
Summary
Epinephrine still represents the first-line vasopressor during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Arginine vasopressin may be considered in patients presenting with asystole or who are unresponsive to initial treatment with epinephrine. Amiodarone should be preferred to other antiarrythmic agents in patients with cardiac arrest. Thrombolytic therapy during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a promising new therapeutic option, but its general use in cardiac arrest cannot be recommended until the results of a large multi-centre trial become available.

Keywords: antiarrhythmic agent, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, thrombolysis, vasopressor agent

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