Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Karanlık Üçlü Kişilik Özelliklerinin Şiddet Üzerindeki Rolü: Tanımlayıcı Çalışma
The Role of Dark Triad Personality Features on Violence: Descriptive Study
Burcu TÜRKa , Nurcan HAMZAOĞLUb , Gülçin ŞENYUVAa
aHaliç Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
bİstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2023;20(2):124-33
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2023-96195
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Şiddete yönelik tutumun şiddet davranışının nedenlerinden birisi olarak görülmesi söz konusu olup agresiflik, antisosyallik, dürtüsellik, manipülasyon vb. gibi birtakım davranışlarla kendini gösteren karanlık üçlü kişilik özelliklerinin de şiddete yönelik tutumlara etki ettiği düşünülmektedir. Buradan hareketle şiddeti önleme çalışmalarına katkı sağlaması açısından önem arz edeceği düşünülen çalışmanın amacı, karanlık üçlü kişilik özelliklerinin şiddete yönelik tutum üzerindeki rolünü incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı tipte planlanan araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Şiddete Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği ve Kısaltılmış Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeği (KKÜÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 340 kişi katılmıştır. Uygulama formları çevrim içi ortamda katılımcılara uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde gruplar arası değerlendirmelerde normal dağılım gösteren değişkenler için t-testi ve varyans analizi normal dağılım göstermeyen değişkenlerin analizinde ise Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis analizleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların şiddet davranışıyla ilişkili olabileceği düşünülen soruların yanıtları değerlendirildiğinde %90'ının herhangi bir suç işlemediği görülmüştür. Ek olarak %39,5'inin aile içi şiddete tanıklık ettiği, %52,1'inin aile içinde, %48,2'sinin de aile dışında şiddete maruz kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların Şiddete Yönelik Tutum toplam ölçek puanı 209,99; erkeklerin ise 131,47'dir. Bu sonuçlar erkeklerin şiddeti onaylama ve kabul etme eğilimlerinin daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Erkek katılımcıların Kısaltılmış Karanlık Üçlü genel ölçek puanı (KKÜÖ) ve psikopati alt ölçek puanı kadınlara göre daha yüksektir. Bu sonuçlar karanlık üçlü kişilik özelliklerinin eğilimi arttıkça şiddeti onaylamama ve kabul etmeme açısından olumlu tutumların azaldığını göstermektedir. Sonuç: Bu bağlamda şiddeti önleyebilmek için öncelikle norm ve tutum değişikliklerini hedefleyen müdahale planlarına ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Şiddet; tutum; karanlık üçlü kişilik
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Attitude towards violence is seen as one of the causes of violent behavior, and aggression, antisociality, impulsiveness, manipulation etc. It is thought that dark triad personality traits, which are manifested by some behaviors such as violence, also affect attitudes towards violence. From this point of view, the aim of the study, which is thought to be important in terms of contributing to violence prevention studies, is to examine the role of dark triad personality traits on attitudes towards violence. Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, the Personal Information Form, Attitude Scale Towards Violence, and the Short Dark Triad Scale (SD3) were used to collect data. The application forms were applied to 340 people participated in the research in the online environment. In the analysis of the data, the t-test was used for the variables with normal distribution in the analyzes between groups, and analysis of variance was used for the analysis of the variables that did not have normal distribution, and nonparametric Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis analyzes were used. Results: According to the participants' answers to the questions assumed to be related to violent behavior, 90.0% did not commit a crime, 39.5% witnessed violence in the family, 52.1% within the family, and 48.2%. He was also found to have been exposed to violence outside the family. The total score of the Women's Attitudes towards Violence scale was 209.99; for men it is 131.47. These results show that men have a higher tendency to approve and accept violence. The Abbreviated Dark Triad general scale score and psychopathy subscale score of male participants were higher than female participants. These show that as the tendency of dark triad personality traits increases, positive attitudes in terms of disapproving and not accepting violence decrease. Conclusion: In this context, it is thought that there is a need for intervention plans targeting changes in norms and attitudes in order to prevent violence.

Keywords: Violence; attitude; dark triad personality
REFERENCES:
  1. Paulhus DL, Williams KM. The dark traid of personality: narcissism, machiavellianism and psychopaty. Journal of Research in Personality. 2002;36(6):556-63. [Crossref] 
  2. Hare RD. Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among us. 1st ed. New York: Guilford Press; 1993.
  3. Kennealy PJ, Skeem JL, Walters GD, Camp J. Do core interpersonal and affective traits of PCL-R psychopathy interact with antisocial behavior and disinhibition to predict violence? Psychol Assess. 2010;22(3):569-80. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Giammarco EA, Vernon PA. Vengeance and the dark triad: the role of empathy and perspective taking in trait forgivingness. Personality and Individual Differences. 2014;67:23-9. [Crossref] 
  5. Jonason PK, Lyons M, Baughman HM, Vernon PA. What a tangled web we weave: the Dark Triad traits and deception. Personality and Individual Differences. 2014;70:117-9. [Crossref] 
  6. Furnham A, Richards S, Rangel L, Jones DN. Measuring malevolence: quantitative issues surrounding the Dark Triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences. 2014;67(14):114-21. [Crossref] 
  7. Jones DN, Paulhus DL. Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): a brief measure of dark personality traits. Assessment. 2014;21(1):28-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Saltoǧlu S, Irak DU. Kişiliğin karanlık üçlüsü: narsisizm, makyavelizm ve psikopati [Dark triad personality: narcissism, machiavellianism, and psychopathy]. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları. 2020;23(45):42-62. [Crossref] 
  9. Jonason PK, Li NP, Webster GD, Schmitt DP. The dark triad: facilitating a short-term mating strategy in men. European Journal of Personality. 2009;23(1):5-18. [Crossref] 
  10. Vonk J, Zeigler-Hill V, Ewing D, Mercer S, Noser AE. Mindreading in the dark: dark personality features and theory of mind. Personality and Individual Differences. 2015;87:50-4. [Crossref] 
  11. Jonason PK, Tost J. I just cannot control myself: The Dark Triad and self-control. Personality and Individual Differences. 2010;49(6):611-5. [Crossref] 
  12. Jonason PK, Lyons M, Bethell EJ, Ross R. Different routes to limited empathy in the sexes: examining the links between the Dark Triad and empathy. Personality and Individual Differences, 2013;54(5):572-6. [Crossref] 
  13. Arkonaç SA. Sosyal Psikoloji. Değiştirilmiş ve Genişletilmiş 2. Baskı. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları; 2001.
  14. Oppenheim AN. Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement. 1st ed. London: Pinter Publishers;1992.
  15. Jones DN, Paulhus DL. Different provocations trigger aggression in narcissists and psychopaths. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 2010;1(1):12-8. [Crossref] 
  16. Aydın M. Genç yetişkinlerde mutluluğa genel bir bakış [An overview of the happiness in the young adults]. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2019;7:47-64. [Crossref] 
  17. Somer E, Braunstein A. Are children exposed to interparental violence being psychologically maltreated? Aggression and Violent Behavior. 1999;4(4):449-56. [Crossref] 
  18. World Health Organization. Understanding and addressing violence against women. Intimate Partner violence. 2012 Cited: May 11, 2021. Available from: [Link] 
  19. Vernberg EM, Jacobs AK, Hershberger SL. Peer victimization and attitudes about violence during early adolescence. J Clin Child Psychol. 1999;28(3):386-95. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Gellman RA, Waack-Delucia JL. Predicting school violence: a comparison of violent and nonviolent male students on attitudes toward violence, exposure level to violence, and PTSD Sypmtomatology. Psychology in the Schools. 2006;43(5):591-8. [Crossref] 
  21. Smith ER, Mackie DM. Social Psychology. 4th ed. New York: Worth Publishers; 1995.
  22. Adıbelli D, Saçan S, Türkoğlu N. Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Şiddete Yönelik Tutum Ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi [Development of the Attitude Scale toward the Violence among university students]. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 2018;19(2):202-9. [Link] 
  23. McDonald MM, Donnellan MB, Navarrete CD. A life history approach to understanding the dark triad. Personality And Individual Differences. 2012;52(5):601-5. [Crossref] 
  24. Hare RD. Psychopathy: a clinical construct whose time has come. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 1996;23(1):25-54. [Crossref] 
  25. Büyüköztürk Ş, Çakmak-Kılıç E, Akgün ÖE, Karadeniz Ş, Demirel F. Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. 18. Baskı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi; 2014.
  26. Ağralı-Ermiş S, Şahin MY, Demirus B. The adaptation of Short Dark Triad (SD3) Inventory to the Turkish sample: The study of validity and reliability. Journal of Research in Education and Society. 2018;5(2):138-56. [Link] 
  27. Aksu HS, Varol F. Ergen ve erken yetişkinlik dönemindeki bireylerde şiddet algısının rekreasyonel fiziksel aktivite, zararlı alışkanlıklar ve demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesi [Investigation of violence perception in adolescents and early adults according to recreational physical activity, harmful habits and demographic variables]. GSI Journals Serie A: Advancements in Tourism Recreation and Sports Sciences. 2022;5(2):269-81. [Crossref] 
  28. Lotfi S, Özkan AO, Babacan M, Akduman Ö. Sosyal hizmet öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet algılarının ve flört şiddeti tutumlarının çeşitli değişkenler bağlamında incelenmesi [An investigation of social work students' perceptions of gender and dating violence attitudes in the context of various variables]. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet. 2022;33(2):463-82. [Crossref] 
  29. Luo YL, Kovas Y, Wang L, Stalikas A, Kyriazos TA, Gianniou FM, et al. Sex differences in the Dark Triad are sensitive to socioeconomic conditions: the adaptive value of narcissism in the UK, Greece, and China. Current Psychology. 2022:1-13. [Crossref] 
  30. Temelli E, Kaya S, Kazgan MH, Yılmaz, NA, Ayar E, Yükseloğlu EH. Karanlık üçlü kişilik özelliklerinde genetiğin rolü [The role of genetics in dark triad personality traits]. Adli Tıp Bülteni. 2021;26(3):197-204. [Crossref] 
  31. Okumuşoğlu S. Mobbing ve karanlık üçlü kişilik özellikleri [Mobbing and dark triad personality traits]. Türk & İslam Dünyası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2021;8(31):1-10. [Crossref] 
  32. Clemente M, Espinosa P. Revenge in couple relationships and their relation to the dark triad. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(14):7653. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  33. Sungur S. Siyasal bilgiler öğrencilerinin makyavelist eğilimlerini belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma [A study aimed at determining the machiavellianist tendencies of the students of political sciences]. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2017;16(63):1361-70. [Crossref] 
  34. Öztürk M, Tire O. Sosyodemografik değişkenler ve namus adına kadına uygulanan şiddete yönelik tutum: üniversite gençliği üzerine bir araştırma [Sociodemographic variables and attitudes towards violence against women in the name of honor: a research on university youth]. Turkish Studies-Social Sciences. 2019;14(6):3383-400. [Crossref] 
  35. Sakallı-Uğurlu N, Ulu S. Evlilikte kadına yönelik şiddete ilişkin tutumlar: çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik, yaş, eğitim ve gelir düzeyinin etkileri [Attitudes towards violence againts women in marriage: the effects of ambivalance sexism, age, education and income levels]. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları. 2003;17:53-65. [Link] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com