Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: REVIEW
Karaciğer Nakli Olan Hastanın Taburculuk Eğitimi
Discharge Training of Patient with Liver Transplantation
Azize KARAHANa
aBaşkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2021;13(1):152-62
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2020-76231
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Karaciğer yetersizliğinin en etkili tedavisi karaciğer naklidir. Karaciğer nakli sonrasında erken ve geç dönem ciddi komplikasyonlar ortaya çıkabilmekte, bu durum hasta ve hasta yakınlarının bakımda zorluk yaşamasına, rejeksiyon ve enfeksiyon gibi nakledilen organın işlevinin kaybına neden olan ciddi sorunların ortaya çıkmasına neden olabilmektedir. Hastanın gereksinimlerine yönelik, öz yönetimin geliştirilmesine odaklı ekip çalışması ile gerçekleştirilen etkili bir taburculuk eğitimi komplikasyonları, tekrarlı yatışları ve greft kaybını önlemektedir. Taburculuk eğitimi, hasta ve yakınlarının beklentileri, öncelikleri ve gereksinimleri dikkate alındığında etkili olabilmektedir. Hemşireler, sağlık ekibi içinde nakil hastalarının taburculuk eğitiminde kilit noktadadırlar ve taburculuk sonrası dönemin yönetilmesinde önemli sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır. Özellikle rejeksiyon ve enfeksiyon gibi komplikasyonlar yaşamı tehdit eden ciddi sorunların ortaya çıkmasına neden olabilmektedir. İlaç uyumu ise bu komplikasyonların önlenmesinde büyük önem taşımaktadır. Hastalar, ameliyat sonrası çok sayıda ilaç kullanmakta ve başta ilaçların yan etkileri olmak üzere farklı nedenlerle ilaçları düzenli kullanmamakta ya da ilaçları bırakmaktadırlar. İlaç yönetimi, hemşirelerin önemli sorumluluklarındandır ve hemşireler ilaç yönetimi konusunda hastaları taburculuk sonrası dönemde de desteklemelidir. Benzer şekilde enfeksiyon karaciğer nakli olan hastalarda morbidite ve mortalitenin en önemli nedenlerinden biridir. Enfeksiyonların önlenmesi ise yine etkili bir taburculuk eğitimi ile mümkün olacaktır. Bu makalede, karaciğer nakli olan hastalar ve yakınlarına yönelik taburculuk eğitimi kapsamında yer alması gereken konular ele alınmış olup taburculuk eğitimi sürecinde hemşirelere katkı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hastanın taburcu olması; hemşirelik; karaciğer nakli
ABSTRACT
 The most effective treatment for liver failure is liver transplantation. Serious complications may occur early and late after liver transplantation, and this can lead to serious problems that cause patients and their relatives to have difficulty in care, loss of function of the transplanted organ such as rejection and infection. Effective discharge training/education, which is based on the needs of the patient, focused on the development of self-management, and which is carried out by teamwork, prevents complications, repeated hospitalization and loss of grafts. Discharge training can be effective considering the expectations, priorities and needs of patients and their relatives. Nurses are at the key point in transplant patients' discharge training within the healthcare team and have important responsibilities in managing the post-discharge period. Complications, especially rejection and infection, can lead to serious life-threatening problems. Medication compliance is of great importance in preventing these complications. Patients use a large number of drugs after surgery, and patients do not regularly use or discontinue drugs for different reasons, especially side effects of drugs. Medication management is one of the important responsibilities of nurses and nurses should support patients in medication management in the post-discharge period. Similarly, infection is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with liver transplantation. Prevention of infections will be possible with effective discharge training. In this article, the subjects that should be included focused discharge training for patients with liver transplantation and their relatives are discussed and it is predicted that they will contribute to the nurses during the discharge training.

Keywords: Patient discharge; nursing; liver transplantation
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