Kanser tedavilerine ikincil alopesi, en sık ve en fark edilebilir yan etkiler arasında olup, genellikle geçici ancak seyrek olarak kalıcı da olabilen kısmi veya tam saç kaybı durumudur. Hastalar için en rahatsız edici ve istenmeyen yan etki olabilir. Kemoterapi (KT) sonrası olduğu gibi onkolojide kullanılan hedefe yönelik tedaviler, biyolojik ve immünolojik tedavileri de içeren yeni tedavi yöntemleri sonrasında da görülebilmektedir. Kanser tedavilerine ikincil alopesi, genellikle skatrisyel olmayan alopesi olarak ortaya çıkar. Alopesinin değerlendirilmesinde, 'Amerikan Ulusal Kanser Enstitüsü Yan Etkiler İçin Ortak Terminoloji Kriterleri' ve 'Dean Alopesi Ölçeği' gibi çeşitli ölçekler kullanılmaktadır. Genellikle KT uygulaması sonrasında 2-3. haftalarda başlar ve düzelmesi 3 aya kadar uzayabilir. En sık ve şiddetli alopesi oluşturan KT ajanları arasında alkilleyici ajanlar, antimikrotübül ajanlar, antitümör antibiyotikleri ve topoizomeraz inhibitörleri yer alır. Potansiyel olarak alopesi oluşturabilen bir tedavi öncesinde hasta bilgilendirilerek hazırlanmalıdır. Bu yaklaşım, saç dökülmesine bağlı psikolojik travmayı en aza indirmek açısından önemlidir. Alopesiyi önleme ve tedavi amacıyla bazı uygulamalar yapılmaktadır. Bunlar, saç köküne verilen ilaç miktarını fiziksel olarak azaltmaya yönelik stratejileri ve farmakolojik uygulamaları içerir. İki farklı otomatik hipotermi cihazı 'DigniCap ve Paxman', Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi tarafından (neo) adjuvan KT alan hastalarda onaylanmıştır. Preklinik çalışmalar, alopesinin önlenmesine yönelik farmakolojik uygulamaların yararlı olabileceğine işaret etse de günümüzde hiçbir farmakolojik uygulama, kanser tedavilerine bağlı alopeside onaylanmamıştır. Kanser tedavilerine ikincil alopesinin önlenmesi ve tedavisi konusunda daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Alopesi; ilaç tedavisi; tümörler; önleme ve kontrol
Alopecia is the partial or total loss of scalp hair and it is also among the most common and remarkable toxicities of cancer treatments, which is usually transient, though can also be permanent in that case. Treatment related alopecia in cancer can sometimes be the most unwanted and disturbing complication. As in the case of chemotherapy (CT), targeted treatments, biological and immunological therapies can also result with alopecia. Alopecia related to cancer treatments is generally seen in non-scatricial form. The most common scalas used in the classification of alopecia are 'American National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Effects' and 'Dean's Alopecia Scala'. Alopecia generally appears in the 2nd to 3rd weeks of CT and recovers up to 3 months. Among the CT agents the most frequent and severe alopecia is usually seen with alkylating and anti-microtubuler agents, as well as anti-tumor antibiotics and topoisomerase inhibitors. The patients have to be informed before a potentially alopecia causing treatment. This policy is extremely important for the prevention and to minimize the psychological trauma. Certain procedures are used to prevent or treat the alopecia. These include the strategies to decrease the amount of drugscalp hair interactions physically and pharmacological treatments. Two different automatic hypothermia devices (DigniCap and Paxman) are approved by the American Food and Drug Agency for (neo) adjuvant CT. Although some preclinic studies indicate the benefit of certain pharmacological agents, currently, none of these have been approved in cancer treatments related alopecia. In the era of both prevention and therapy of cancer treatments related alopecia more extended studies are certainly needed.
Keywords: Alopecia; medication; tumors; prevention and control
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