Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Kalp Yetersizliği Olan Bireylerde Yalnızlık Algısı Düzeyi ile Öz bakım Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki: Tanımlayıcı ve Kesitsel Araştırma
The Correlation Between the Level of Loneliness Perception and Self-Care Behaviors in Individuals with Heart Failure: A Descriptive and Cross-Sectional Study
Vacide AŞIK ÖZDEMİRa , Yağmur AKBAL DEMİRCİa , Zeynep PEHLİVAN KÖKSALa
aRecep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği AD, Rize, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2025;17(1):259-69
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2024-105095
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırmada amaç, kalp yetersizliği olan bireylerde yalnızlık algısı düzeyi ile öz bakım davranışları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte yapılan bu araştırma, bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinin kardiyoloji kliniğinde yatan ya da kardiyoloji polikliniğine başvuran kalp yetersizliği olan bireyler ile yürütüldü. Bu kapsamda araştırma Nisan 2023-Nisan 2024 tarihleri arasında, araştırma kriterlerine uyan 151 katılımcı ile tamamlandı. Verilerin elde edilmesinde ''Tanıtıcı Bilgiler Formu'', ''Yalnızlık Ölçeği'' ve ''Avrupa Kalp Yetersizliği Öz bakım Davranışları Ölçeği-12'' kullanıldı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yalnızlık algısının orta derecenin altında olduğu, %33,8'inin öz bakım davranışının yetersiz olduğu belirlendi. Gelir düzeyi düşük olan, aile desteğini yeterli bulmayan ve öz-bakımını gerçekleştirmede zorluk yaşayan bireylerin Yalnızlık Ölçeği puan ortancası yüksek bulundu. Ayrıca Avrupa Kalp Yetersizliği Öz bakım Davranışları Ölçeği-12 puanı ile çocuk sayısı ile arasında pozitif (r=0,275; p=0,002), ilaç sayısı ile negatif (r=-0,170; p=-0,037) bir ilişki bulundu. Yalnızlık Ölçeği ve Avrupa Kalp Yetersizliği Öz bakım Davranışları Ölçeği-12 arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı (p>0,05). Sonuç: Bu araştırma, kalp yetersizliği olan bireylerin yalnızlık algısının çok yüksek olmadığını ve çoğunun öz bakım davranışlarına uyumunun yeterli olduğunu, yalnızlık algısı düzeyi ile öz bakım davranışları arasında bir ilişki olmadığını göstermiştir. Kardiyovasküler sağlığın korunması ve sürdürülebilmesi, hastalık sürecinde öz bakım davranışlarının iyileştirilebilmesi için öznel ve sosyal bağlantılar güçlendirilmeli, fiziksel ve psikososyal destek sağlanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kalp yetersizliği; korelasyon; yalnızlık; öz bakım; hemşireler
ABSTRACT
 Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the perception of loneliness level and self-care behaviors in individuals with heart failure. Material and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals diagnosed with heart failure who were hospitalized in the cardiology clinic of a training and research hospital or who applied to the cardiology outpatient clinic. In this context, the study was completed between April 2023 and April 2024 with 151 participants who met the research criteria. ''Introductory Information Form'', ''Loneliness Scale'' and ''European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviors Scale12'' were used to obtain the data. Results: The perception of loneliness of the participants was lower than moderate level and 33.8% of them had insufficient self-care behavior. The median scores of the Loneliness Scale was found to be higher in individuals with low-income levels, who did not find family support sufficient and who had difficulty in performing self-care. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between the European Heart Failure SelfCare Behavior Scale-12 and the number of children (r=0.275; p=0.002), and a negative correlation between the number of medications (r=-0.170; p=-0.037). Additionally, no statistically significant correlation was found between the Loneliness Scale and the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviors Scale-12 scores (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study has shown that the perception of loneliness in individuals diagnosed with heart failure is not very high and most of them comply with self-care behaviors, and that there is no correlation between the level of loneliness and self-care behaviors. In order to protect and maintain cardiovascular health and improve self-care behaviors during the disease process, subjective and social connections should be strengthened and physical and psychosocial support should be provided.

Keywords: Heart failure; correlation; loneliness; self-care; nurses
REFERENCES:
  1. Groenewegen A, Rutten FH, Mosterd A, Hoes AW. Epidemiology of heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2020;22(8):1342-56. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  2. Hinkle JL, Cheever KHJK. Brunner&Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. 14th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd; 2018.
  3. Savarese G, Becher PM, Lund LH, Seferovic P, Rosano GMC, Coats AJS. Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology. Cardiovasc Res. 2023;118(17):3272-87. Erratum in: Cardiovasc Res. 2023;119(6):1453. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Değertekin M, Erol C, Ergene O, Tokgözoğlu L, Aksoy M, Erol MK, et al. Türkiye'deki kalp yetersizliği prevalansı ve öngördürücüleri: HAPPY çalışması [Heart failure prevalence and predictors in Turkey: HAPPY study]. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2012;40(4):298-308. Turkish. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, et al; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2018 update: a report from the American heart association. circulation. 2018;137(12):e67-e492. Erratum in: Circulation. 2018;137(12):e493. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Riegel B, Dickson VV, Faulkner KM. The situation-specific theory of heart failure self-care: revised and updated. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2016;31(3):226-35. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Müller-Tasch T, Löwe B, Lossnitzer N, Frankenstein L, Täger T, Haass M, et al. Anxiety and self-care behaviour in patients with chronic systolic heart failure: a multivariate model. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2018;17(2):170-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Olano-Lizarraga M, Wallström S, Martín-Martín J, Wolf A. Causes, experiences and consequences of the impact of chronic heart failure on the person's social dimension: a scoping review. Health Soc Care Community. 2022;30(4):e842-e858. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Wang F, Gao Y, Han Z, Yu Y, Long Z, Jiang X, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 cohort studies of social isolation, loneliness and mortality. Nat Hum Behav. 2023;7(8):1307-19. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Albasheer O, Abdelwahab SI, Zaino MR, Altraifi AAA, Hakami N, El-Amin EI, et al. The impact of social isolation and loneliness on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and bibliometric investigation. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):12871. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. Christensen AV, Juel K, Ekholm O, Thrysøe L, Thorup CB, Borregaard B, et al. Significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality among cardiac patients feeling lonely. Heart. 2020;106(2):140-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Dural G, Kavak Budak F, Özdemir AA, Gültekin A. Effect of perceived social support on self-care agency and loneliness among elderly Muslim people. J Relig Health. 2022;61(2):1505-13. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  13. Shamlou R, Nikpeyma N, Pashaeipour S, Sahebi L, Mehrgou Z. Relationship of loneliness and social ısolation with self-care ability among older adults. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2021;59(1):15-20. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Petitte T, Mallow J, Barnes E, Petrone A, Barr T, Theeke L. A systematic review of loneliness and common chronic physical conditions in adults. Open Psychol J. 2015;8(Suppl 2):113-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  15. Bayrak B, Yıldırım G, Oğuz S, Sağaltıcı Ç, Doğanay E, Özdemir F, et al. Kalp yetersizliği hastalarında öz bakımı değerlendirme ve etkileyen risk faktörlerin belirlenmesi [Assessment of self-care in heart failure patients and determination of risk factors affecting]. Kardiyovasküler Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2019;10(23):114-21. [Crossref] 
  16. Çelikbaş B, Tatar A. Yalnızlık ölçeği, yalnızlık tercihi ölçeği ve sosyal izolasyon ölçeği: geliştirme ve ilk geçerlik çalışmaları [Loneliness scale, solitude scale and social isolation scale: development and initial validation studies]. Social Mentality and Research Thinkers Journals. 2021;7(43):597-676. [Crossref] 
  17. Jaarsma T, Strömberg A, Mårtensson J, Dracup K. Development and testing of the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale. Eur J Heart Fail. 2003;5(3):363-70. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Baydemir C, Özdamar K, Ünalır A. Validity of the Turkish version of the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2013;13(6):573-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Cevahir, E. SPSS ile Nicel Veri Analizi Rehberi. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Kibele Yayınları; 2020.
  20. Cené CW, Beckie TM, Sims M, Suglia SF, Aggarwal B, Moise N, et al; American Heart Association Social Determinants of Health Committee of the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research; Prevention Science Committee of the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention and Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; and Stroke Council. Effects of objective and perceived social isolation on cardiovascular and brain health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(16):e026493. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  21. Nissanholtz-Gannot R, Peretz-Dayan H. Equal opportunities in aging: income level moderates the relationship between infrequent participation in formal social activities and loneliness among older adults. J Appl Gerontol. 2023;42(9):1982-92. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. Shartle K, Yang YC, Richman LS, Belsky DW, Aiello AE, Harris KM. Social relationships, wealth, and cardiometabolic risk: evidence from a national longitudinal study of U.S. older adults. J Aging Health. 2022;34(6-8):1048-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Tawalbeh LI, Al Qadire M, Ahmad MM, Aloush S, Abu Sumaqa Y, Halabi M. Knowledge and self-care behaviors among patients with heart failure in Jordan. Res Nurs Health. 2017;40(4):350-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Megiati HM, Grisante DL, D'Agostino F, Santos VB, Lopes CT. Relationship between perceived social support and self-care of patients with heart failure. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem. 2022;35:eAPE01296. [Crossref] 
  25. Jo A, Ji Seo E, Son YJ. The roles of health literacy and social support in improving adherence to self-care behaviours among older adults with heart failure. Nurs Open. 2020;7(6):2039-46. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  26. Zhu W, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Liang W, Xue R, Wu Z, et al. Living alone and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Psychosom Med. 2021;83(5):470-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Chen Y, Zou H, Zhang Y, Fang W, Fan X. Family caregiver contribution to self-care of heart failure: an application of the ınformation-motivation-behavioral skills model. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2017;32(6):576-83. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Deek H, Chang S, Newton PJ, Noureddine S, Inglis SC, Arab GA, et al. An evaluation of involving family caregivers in the self-care of heart failure patients on hospital readmission: Randomised controlled trial (the FAMILY study). Int J Nurs Stud. 2017;75:101-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Freak-Poli R, Hu J, Phyo AZZ, Barker F. Does social isolation, social support or loneliness influence health or well-being after a cardiovascular disease event? A narrative thematic systematic review. Health Soc Care Community. 2022;30(1):e16-e38. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Lee KS, Moser DK, Dracup K. The association between comorbidities and self-care of heart failure: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23(1):157. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  31. Juárez-Vela R, Sarabia-Cobo CM, Antón-Solanas I, Vellone E, Durante A, Gea-Caballero V, et al. Investigating self-care in a sample of patients with decompensated heart failure: a cross-sectional study. Rev Clin Esp (Barc). 2019;219(7):351-9. English, Spanish. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Mlynarska A, Golba KS, Mlynarski R. Capability for self-care of patients with heart failure. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:1919-27. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  33. Yang M, An Y, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Fan X. relationship between physical symptoms and loneliness in patients with heart failure: the serial mediating roles of activities of daily living and social isolation. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2023;24(5):688-93. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Fan Y, Ho MR, Shen BJ. Loneliness predicts physical and mental health-related quality of life over 9 months among patients with coronary heart disease. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2023;15(1):152-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Masoudi N, Sarbazi E, Soleimanpour H, Abbasian M, Ghasemi M, Rostami Z, et al. Loneliness and its correlation with self-care and activities of daily living among older adults: a partial least squares model. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24(1):621. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com