Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
İzmir İlinde Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Çürük ve Maloklüzyonun Ağız Sağlığı ile İlişkili Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Evaluation of the Impact of Caries and Malocclusion on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Preschool Children in İzmir
Gülçin BULUTa, Burç PEKPINARLIb, Hazal Ezgi GERİHANb, Nazan ERSİNb, Fahinur ERTUĞRULb, Enver YETKİNERc, Hakan BULUTc
aİzmir Eğitim Diş Hastanesi Çocuk Diş Hekimliği Kliniği, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
bEge Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Çocuk Diş Hekimliği ABD, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
cEge Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Ortodonti ABD, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2021;27(2):224-32
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2020-74812
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, çocuklarda Erken Çocukluk Çağı Çürüğü (EÇÇ) ve maloklüzyonun çocuk ve ailesinin yaşam kalitesi üzerine olan etkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: İzmir ilinde bulunan Ege Üniversitesi kampüsü içerisinde yer alan kreşlere devam eden 4-6 yaş arası 135 çocuk çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Kreşlere gidilerek, çocuğun çürük aktivitesi ile maloklüzyon durumunun değerlendirilmesi için hazırlanan anket veliler tarafından dolduruldu. Ağız sağlığı ile ilgili yaşam kalitesi değerlendirmesi Erken Çocukluk Çağı Ağız Sağlığı Etki Ölçeği [Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS)] kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Çocukların ağız içi muayeneleri gün ışığında ayna ve sond yardımıyla yapıldı. Malkoklüzyon ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü kriterlerine göre çürük durumu tespit edildi. Yaşam kalitesi değerlendirmesi için çocuklar 3 grupta kategorize edildi; Grup 1: Çürüğü olan çocuklar, Grup 2: Maloklüzyonu olan çocuklar, Grup 3: Aynı anda hem çürük hem maloklüzyonu olan çocuklar. Verilerin analizinde Kruskal- Wallis, Bonferonni ve Mann-Whitney U testi testleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: ECOHIS değerlerine göre, yaşam kalitesi üzerine grup 1 ve 3'ün olumsuz etkisi olduğu tespit edildi (sırasıyla; p<0,001; p<0,001), fakat grup 2'nin olumsuz etkisi bulunamadı (p=0,826). Sadece çürük bulunan çocukların, sadece maloklüzyon bulunan çocuklara göre daha fazla olumsuz etkiye sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir (p=0,001). Aynı anda çürük ve maloklüzyon bulunan çocuklar, sadece maloklüzyon bulunanlara göre daha kötü yaşam kalitesine sahiptir (p<0,001). Sonuç: Çalışmada, her ne kadar EÇÇ'nin yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkisi kanıtlanabilse de maloklüzyonun hem çocukların hem de ailelerinin yaşam kalitesi üzerinde önemli bir olumsuz etkisi gösterilememiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Erken çocukluk çağı ağız sağlığı etki ölçeği; EÇÇ; çürük; çocuk; maloklüzyon
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and malocclusion on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of children and their families. Material and Methods: 135 children between the ages of 4-6, who were attending at kindergartens in Ege University campus in İzmir province, were included. A questionnaire, which was prepared for the evaluation of the caries activity and malocclusion status of the child was filled out by the parents in the kindergarten. OHRQoL was assessed by using the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). The children were examined by using dental mirror and probe in daylight. Malocclusion and caries status according World Health Organisation criteria were determined. Children were categorized into 3 groups for quality of life assessment; Group 1: children with caries, Group 2: children with malocclusion, Group 3: children with both, caries and malocclusion. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni corrected Mann-Whitney tests. Results: According to ECOHIS, group 1 and 3 were found to have a negative impact on quality of life (p<0.001; p<0.001, respectively), but group 2 had no negative effect(p=0.826). It was observed that children with only caries had worse effect than those with only malocclusion (p=0.001). Children with both, caries and malocclusion had significantly poorer quality of life than children with only malocclusion (p<0.001). Conclusion: Although the impact of ECC on the quality of life could be demonstrated, a significant negative impact of malocclusion on both childrens' and their families' quality of life couldn't be shown.

Keywords: ECOHIS; ECC; caries; child; malocclusion
REFERENCES:
  1. Hernández F, Aguilar Díaz FC, Villanueva Vilchis M. Oral Health Related Quality of Life, Emerging Trends in Oral Health Sciences and Dentistry, Mandeep Singh Virdi, IntechOpen; 2015. [Crossref] 
  2. Marcenes W, Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Flaxman A, Naghavi M, Lopez A, et al. Global burden of oral conditions in 1990-2010: a systematic analysis. J Dent Res. 2013;92(7):592-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  3. Gökalp SG, Doğan BG, Tekçiçek MT, Berberoğlu A, Unlüer S. National survey of oral health status of children and adults in Turkey. Community Dent Health. 2010;27(1):12-7. [PubMed] 
  4. Pitts NB, Ekstrand KR; ICDAS Foundation. International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and its International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS) - methods for staging of the caries process and enabling dentists to manage caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013;41(1):e41-52. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  5. Lai SHF, Wong MLW, Wong HM, McGrath CPJ, Yiu CKY. Factors influencing the oral health-related quality of life among children with severe early childhood caries in Hong Kong. Int J Dent Hyg. 2019;17(4):350-8. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  6. Firmino RT, Gomes MC, Clementino MA, Martins CC, Paiva SM, Granville-Garcia AF, et al. Impact of oral health problems on the quality of life of preschool children: a case-control study. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2016;26(4):242-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  7. Bernabé E, Tsakos G, Messias de Oliveira C, Sheiham A. Impacts on daily performances attributed to malocclusions using the condition-specific feature of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances Index. Angle Orthod. 2008;78(2):241-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  8. Kragt L, Dhamo B, Wolvius EB, Ongkosuwito EM. The impact of malocclusions on oral health-related quality of life in children-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2016;20(8):1881-94. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  9. Shah ND, Arruda A, Inglehart MR. Pediatric patients' orthodontic treatment need, quality of life, and smiling patterns -- an analysis of patient, parent, and provider responses. J Public Health Dent. 2011;71(1):62-70. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  10. Pahel BT, Rozier RG, Slade GD. Parental perceptions of children's oral health: the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007;5:6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  11. Mathur VP, Dhillon JK, Logani A, Agarwal R. Development and validation of oral health-related early childhood quality of life tool for North Indian preschool children. Indian J Dent Res. 2014;25(5):559-66. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  12. Bordoni N, Ciaravino O, Zambrano O, Villena R, Beltran-Aguilar E, Squassi A, et al. Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Translation and validation in Spanish language. Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2012;25(3):270-8. [PubMed] 
  13. Viegas CM, Paiva SM, Carvalho AC, Scarpelli AC, Ferreira FM, Pordeus IA, et al. Influence of traumatic dental injury on quality of life of Brazilian preschool children and their families. Dent Traumatol. 2014;30(5):338-47. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  14. Wong HM, McGrath CP, King NM, Lo EC. Oral health-related quality of life in Hong Kong preschool children. Caries Res. 2011;45(4):370-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  15. Peker K, Uysal Ö, Bermek G. Cross-cultural adaptation and preliminary validation of the Turkish version of the early childhood oral health impact scale among 5-6-year-old children. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2011;9:118. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  16. Carvalho AC, Paiva SM, Viegas CM, Scarpelli AC, Ferreira FM, Pordeus IA, et al. Impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life among Brazilian preschool children: a population-based study. Braz Dent J. 2013;24(6):655-61. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  17. Sousa RV, Clementino MA, Gomes MC, Martins CC, Granville-Garcia AF, Paiva SM, et al. Malocclusion and quality of life in Brazilian preschoolers. Eur J Oral Sci. 2014;122(3):223-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  18. Sakaryali D, Bani M, Cinar C, Alacam A. Evaluation of the impact of early childhood caries, traumatic dental injury, and malocclusion on oral health-Related quality of life for Turkish preschool children and families. Niger J Clin Pract. 2019;22(6):817-23. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  19. Buldur B, Güvendi ON. Conceptual modelling of the factors affecting oral health-related quality of life in children: A path analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2020;30(2):181-92. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  20. World Health Organization. Oral Health Survey: Basic Methods. 4th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization 1997. [Link] 
  21. Hegde S, Panwar S, Bolar DR, Sanghavi MB. Characteristics of occlusion in primary dentition of preschool children of Udaipur, India. Eur J Dent. 2012;6(1):51-5. [PubMed] [PMC] 
  22. Çayönü S, Yüksel BN, Sarı Ş. [Development of Occlusion from the Toothless Period Up to the Permanent Dentition] Türkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2020;26(1):110-21. [Crossref] 
  23. Grabowski R, Stahl F, Gaebel M, Kundt G. Relationship between occlusal findings and orofacial myofunctional status in primary and mixed dentition. Part I: Prevalence of malocclusions. J Orofac Orthop. 2007;68(1):26-37. English, German. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  24. Foster TD, Hamilton MC. Occlusion in the primary dentition. Study of children at 2 and one-half to 3 years of age. Br Dent J. 1969;126(2):76-9. [PubMed] 
  25. Ülgen M. 2. Bölüm: Normal oklüzyon. Ortodontik Tedavi Prensipleri. 2.baskı Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi; 2001. p.9-22. [Link] 
  26. Ülgen M. Ortodonti Anomaliler, Sefalometri, Etioloji, Büyüme ve Gelişim, Tanı. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Yeditepe Üniversitesi Basımevi; 2000. [Link] 
  27. Sischo L, Broder HL. Oral health-related quality of life: what, why, how, and future implications. J Dent Res. 2011;90(11):1264-70. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  28. Farsi NJ, El-Housseiny AA, Farsi DJ, Farsi NM. Validation of the Arabic Version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):60. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  29. Scarpelli AC, Oliveira BH, Tesch FC, Leão AT, Pordeus IA, Paiva SM, et al. Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS). BMC Oral Health. 2011;11:19. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  30. Mansoori S, Mehta A, Ansari MI. Factors associated with Oral Health Related Quality of Life of children with severe -Early Childhood Caries. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2019;9(3):222-5. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  31. Cantekin K, Yildirim MD, Cantekin I. Assessing change in quality of life and dental anxiety in young children following dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Pediatr Dent. 2014;36(1):12E-17E. [PubMed] 
  32. Abanto J, Carvalho TS, Mendes FM, Wanderley MT, Bönecker M, Raggio DP, et al. Impact of oral diseases and disorders on oral health-related quality of life of preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2011;39(2):105-14. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  33. Afonso-Souza G, Nadanovsky P, Chor D, Faerstein E, Werneck GL, Lopes CS, et al. Association between routine visits for dental checkup and self-perceived oral health in an adult population in Rio de Janeiro: the Pró-Saúde Study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007;35(5):393-400. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  34. Wigen TI, Skaret E, Wang NJ. Dental avoidance behaviour in parent and child as risk indicators for caries in 5-year-old children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009;19(6):431-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  35. Pattussi MP, Olinto MT, Hardy R, Sheiham A. Clinical, social and psychosocial factors associated with self-rated oral health in Brazilian adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007;35(5):377-86. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  36. Melvin CS. A collaborative community-based oral care program for school-age children. Clin Nurse Spec. 2006;20(1):18-22. [Crossref] [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com