Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
İstanbul'da Bir İlçede Erişkinlerde Probiyotik ve Prebiyotik Tüketimi ile Obezite Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Investigation the Relation Between the Consumption of Probiotic and Prebiotic Foods and Obesity Among Adults, Living in A District in İstanbul
İrem KAYA CEBİOĞLUa, Ayşe Emel ÖNALb
aBeslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Yeditepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi,
bHalk Sağlığı AD, İstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
J Tradit Complem Med. 2019;2(2):55-63
doi: 10.5336/jtracom.2019-65731
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda; ilerleyen yaş, antibiyotik kullanımı, çeşitli hastalıkların yanı sıra yüksek yağlı beslenme ve artan vücut ağırlığı ile birlikte mikrobiyotada Bacteroidetes oranlarının azalarak, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes dengesinin bozulmasının obezite etiyolojisinde rolü olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile bireylerin probiyotik, prebiyotik bilgi durumları ve probiyotik gıda tüketim alışkanlıklarının obezite üzerindeki olası etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmanın verileri, İstanbul Silivri ilçesinde ikamet eden 492 bireye yüz yüze anket uygulaması ve antropometrik ölçümlerinin alınması ile toplanmıştır. İstatistiksel değerlendirmeler SPSS 21,0 programı ile yapılmış ve istatistiksel anlamlılık %95 güven aralığında olan p değerleri için kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Grubun %25,6'sı probiyotik nedir bilmektedir ve kadınların 'probiyotik nedir' bilme durumları erkeklere kıyasla daha yüksektir. Katılımcıların sadece %7,1'i 'prebiyotiğin ne olduğunu bilmektedir'. Katılımcılardan probiyotik gıda tüketenlerin oranı %39,2'dir. Kadınlar erkeklere kıyasla daha yüksek oranda tüketim yapmaktadır. Probiyotik gıda tüketen ve tüketmeyenler arasında vücut ağırlığı, beden kitle indeksi, bel çevresi, kalça çevresi, vücut yağ miktarı ve oranı, fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır. Ayrıca, probiyotik tüketimi ile obezite ve santral obezite arasında bir ilişki olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bulguların tümü değerlendirildiğinde, toplumda probiyotik kullanımına ilişkin bilgi durumu ve farkındalığın oldukça düşük olduğu bulunmuştur. Buna paralel olarak, tüketim alışkanlığı da yerleşmemiştir. Herhangi bir sağlık faydası için probiyotik gıdaların en az altısekiz hafta düzenli kullanımı gerektiği göz önüne alındığında, obezitenin önlenmesi için toplumda probiyotik tüketim ve bilinç düzeyinin artırılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Obezite; probiyotik; prebiyotik; gastrointestinal mikrobiyom
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Together with the genetics and environmental factors, recent researches indicated that microbiata is responsible from the of obesity etiology. Especially high fatty diet and gaining weight decrease Bacteroidetes ratio and change Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes balance in the microbial flora. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential impact of individual's probiotic, prebiotic knowledge status and consumption habits on obesity. Material and Methods: The data of this study were collected and antropometric indices were measured from 492 individuals residing Silivri, Istanbul via face-to-face interview method. All statistical process run by SPSS 21.0 pocket programme and the statistical significance was accepted for and 95% confidence interval. Results: The probiotic knowledge rate of the participants was 25.6%. Women has more knowledge than men about probiotics. Only 7.1% of the participants know 'what prebiotics are'. Only 39.2% of the sample consume probiotic foods and women consume more than men. There were no significant difference between probiotic consumers and nonconsumers according to their body weight, bady mass index, waist and hip circumference, body fat amount, body fat ratio and physical activity levels. Besides there were no significant relationship was determined between consuming probiotic foods and obesity and santral obesity. Conclusion: Correspondingly, it was found that the knowledge status and awareness of probiotic was quite low among community. Besides, people do not tend to consume probiotic enriched foods yet. Considering that at least 6-8 weeks of regular use of probiotic foods is necessary for any health benefit, probiotic consumption and awareness level should be increased among community for preventative effect against obesity.

Keywords: Obesity; probiotics; prebiotics; gastrointestinal microbiome
REFERENCES:
  1. López-Sobaler AM, Aparicio A, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Serra-Majem L, et al. Overweight and general and abdominal obesity in a representative sample of Spanish adults: findings from the ANIBES Study. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:8341487. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  2. Greenberg JA. Obesity and early mortality in the United States. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21(2):405-12. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9945):766-81.
  4. Arslan N. [Obesity and probiotics]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci. 2012;(8):102-9.
  5. Angelakis E, Armougom F, Million M, Raoult D. The relationship between gut microbiota and weight gain in humans. Future Microbiol. 2012;7(1):91-109. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Sanz Y, Rastmanesh R, Agostoni C. Understanding the role of gut microbes and probiotics in obesity: how far are we? Pharmacol Res. 2013;69(1):144-55. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Bäckhed F, Ding H, Wang T, Hooper LV, Koh GY, Nagy A, et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(44): 15718-23. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  8. Aguirre M, Venema K. Does the gut microbiota contribute to obesity? Going beyond the gut feeling. Microorganisms. 2015;3(2):213-35. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  9. Cho I, Blaser MJ. The human microbiome: at the interface of health and disease. Nat Rev Genet. 2012;13(4):260-70. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  10. Ottman N, Smidt H, de Vos WM, Belzer C. The dunction of our microbiata: who is put there and what they do? Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012;(2):1-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. Scott KP, Gratz SW, Sheridan PO, Flint HJ, Duncan SH. The influence of diet on the gut microbiota. Pharmacol Res. 2013;69(1):52-60. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Sommer F, Bäckhed F. The gut microbiota--masters of host development and physiology. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2013;11(4):227-38. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Iebba V, Totino V, Gagliardi A, Santangelo F, Cacciotti F, Trancassini M, et al. Eubiosis and dysbiosis: the two sides of the microbiota. New Microbiol. 2016;39(1):1-12.
  14. Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C, Bittinger K, Chen YY, Keilbaugh SA, et al. Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Science. 2011;334(6052):105-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  15. Jain N, Walker WA. Diet and host-microbial crosstalk in postnatal intestinal immune homeostasis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12(1):14-25. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Delzenne NM, Neyrinck AM, Bäckhed F, Cani PD. Targeting gut microbiota in obesity: effects of prebiotics and probiotics. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011;7(11):639-46. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Kotzampassi K, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Stavrou G. Obesity as a consequence of gut bacteria and diet interactions. ISRN Obes. 2014;2014:651895. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  18. Munukka E, Wiklund P, Pekkala S, Völgyi E, Xu L, Cheng S, et al. Women with and without metabolic disorder differ in their gut microbiota composition. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012; 20(5):1082-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T, Cantarel BL, Duncan A, Ley RE, et al. A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature. 2009;457(7228):480-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  20. De Filippo C, Cavalieri D, Di Paola M, Ramazzotti M, Poullet JB, Massart S, et al. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(33):14691-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  21. Ley RE, Bäckhed F, Turnbaugh P, Lozupone CA, Knight RD, Gordon JI. Obesity alters gut microbial ecology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(31):11070-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. Monira S, Nakamura S, Gotoh K, Izutsu K, Watanabe H, Alam NH, et al. Gut microbiata of healty and malnourished children in Bangladesh. Front Microbiol. 2011;2:228. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Elmadfa I, Djazayery A, Jalali M, Heshmat R, Chamary M. The effects of probiotic and conventional yoghurt on lipid profile in women. Br J Nutr. 2010;103(12): 1778-83. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Rakoff-Nahoum S, Paglino J, Eslami-Varzaneh F, Edberg S, Medzhitov R. Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis. Cell. 2004(118(2):229-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Kadooka Y, Sato M, Ogawa A, Miyoshi M, Uenishi H, Ogawa H, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 in fermented milk on abdominal adiposity in adults in a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2013;110(9):1696-703. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Cario E, Gerken G, Podolsky D. Toll-like receptor 2 controls mucosal inflammation by regulating epithelial barrier function. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(4):1359-74. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Pedret A, Valls RM, Calderón-Pérez L, Llauradó E, Companys J, Pla-Pagà L, et al. Effects of daily consumption of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 on anthropometric adiposity biomarkers in abdominally obese subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond). 2018 Sep 27. Doi: 10.1038/s41366-018-0220-0. [Epub ahead of print]. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Yabanci N, Şimşek I. [Status of probiotic product consumption of university students]. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2007;6(6):449-54.
  29. Aydın M, Açıkgöz İ, Şimşek B. [Determination of probiotic product consumption and probiotic concept knowledge level in students of Isparta Süleyman Demirel University]. Electronic Journal of Food Technologies. 2010;5(2):1-6.
  30. Derin DÖ, Keskin S. [Determination of probiotic product consumption status of food engineering students: the example Of Ege University]. Food. 2013;38(4):215-22.
  31. Özdemir PÖ, Fettahoğlu S, Topoyan M. [A study on determining the consumer attitudes towards functional food products]. Ege Academic Review. 2009;9(4):1079-99. [Crossref] 
  32. Chang BJ, Park SU, Jang YS, Ko SH, Joo NM, Kim SI, et al. Effect of functional yogurt NY-YP901 in improving the trait of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011;65(11):1250-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. Shakeri H, Hadaegh H, Abedi F, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Mazroii N, Ghandi Y, et al. Consumption of synbiotic bread decreases triacylglycerol and VLDL levels while increasing HDL levels in serum from patients with type-2 diabetes. Lipids. 2014;49(7):695-701. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Mohamadshahi M, Veissi M, Haidari F, Shahbazian H, Kaydani GA, Mohammadi F. Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Bioimpacts. 2014;4(2):83-8.
  35. Agerholm-Larsen L, Raben A, Haulrik N, Hansen AS, Manders M, Astrup A. Effect of 8 week intake of probiotic milk products on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54(4):288-97. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  36. Borgeraas H, Johnson LK, Skattebu J, Hertel JK, Hjelmesaeth J. Effects of probiotics on body weight, body mass index, fat mass and fat percentage in subjects with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev. 2018;19(2):219-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  37. Raygan F, Rezavandi Z, Bahmani F, Ostadmohammadi V, Mansournia MA, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, et al. The effects of probiotic supplementation on metabolic status in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2018;10(1):51. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  38. John GK, Wang L, Nanavati J, Twose C, Singh R, Mullin G. Dietary alteration of the gut microbiome and its impact on weight and fat mass: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Genes (Basel). 2018;9(3):167. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  39. Zhang Q, Wu Y, Fei X. Effect of probiotics on body weight and body-mass index: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials randomized, controlled trials. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2016;67(5):571-80. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  40. Kadooka Y, Sato M, Imaizumi K, Ogawa A, Ikuyama K, Akai Y, et al. Regulation of abdominal adiposity by probiotics (Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055) in adults with obese tendencies in a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(6):636-43. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  41. Özen AE, Bibiloni Mdel M, Pons A, Tur JA. Consumption of functional foods in Europe; a systematic review. Nutr Hosp. 2014;29(3): 470-8.
  42. Sun J, Buys N. Effects of probiotics consumption on lowering lipids and CVD risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Med. 2015; 47(6):430-40. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com