Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: REVIEW
İnvaziv Mekanik Ventilasyonlu Hastanın Takibi
Monitoring of Patient with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: Review
Hilal UYSALa
aİç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği AD, İstanbul Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu, İstanbul
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs. 2011;3(2):89-99
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
İnvaziv mekanik ventilasyon yoğun bakımda yaygın olarak kullanılan tekniklerden biridir. İnvaziv mekanik ventilasyon akut durum geçene kadar ya da akciğer fonksiyonları yeterli olana kadar hastayı desteklemek için kullanılır. İnvaziv mekanik ventilasyonun amaçları, ventilasyon ve oksijenasyonu iyileştirmek, etkili solunumun sağlanması için iş yükünü azaltmak, hastanın yüksek konsantrasyonda oksijen solumasını sağlamaktır. İnvaziv mekanik ventilasyonun kullanımına karar vermek, hem disiplinler arası sağlık bakım çalışanları hem de hasta/aile için karmaşık bir süreçtir. İnvaziv mekanik ventilasyonun iki temel endikasyonu yetersiz ventilasyon ve hipoksemidir. İnvaziv mekanik ventilasyon genellikle PH'ı 7.2'den daha az olan solunum asidozlu hastalar için gereklidir. Hipoksemi ciddi olabilir ve geri dönüşsüz yüz maskesi ile kontrol edilemez. Bu durumdaki hastalar için hemen girişimde bulunulmalı, yapay solunum (örneğin; endotrakeal entübasyon veya trakeostomi gibi) sağlanmalı ve pozitif-basınçlı ventilatör ile mekanik olarak akciğerleri havalandırılmalıdır. Ventilatördeki hastanın bakımı karmaşıktır, ventilatör modlarının ve metotların iyi bilinmesi gerekir. Bu nedenle sağlık çalışanlarının mekanik ventilasyon uygulaması hakkında zaman zaman eğitimlere katılması, invaziv mekanik ventilasyon tekniklerinin ve girişimlerinin zamanında ve etkili uygulanabilmesi için önemlidir. Bu çalışma, ventilatör terminolojisi ve ayarları, hasta takibi ve invaziv mekanik ventilatörle ilişkili sıklıkla karşılaşılabilecek komplikasyonlar, invaziv mekanik ventilatörden ayırma kriterleri hakkında bilgi vermek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemşirelik bakımı; ventilatörden ayırma
ABSTRACT
Invasive mechanical ventilation is one of the most commonly used technologies in cri-tical care. Invasive mechanical ventilation is used to support the patient until lung function is adequate or until the acute episode has passed. The goals of invasive mechanical ventilation are to improve oxygenation and ventilation and to decreate the work needed for an effective breathing pattern and to allow the patient to inhale high percentages of oxygen. The use of invasive mechanical ventilation involves a complex decision, making process for both the patient/family and the interdisciplinary health care team. The two main indications for invasive mechanical ventilation include inadequate ventilation and hypoxemia. Invasive mechanical ventilation is usually needed for patients with respiratory acidosis with a pH of less than 7.2. Hypoxemia may be severe and not controllable by non-rebreating face masks. These patients require immediate intervention, including the establishment of an artificial airway (e.g. by endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy) and invasive mechanical lung ventilation with a positive-pressure ventilator. Care of the patient with mechanic ventilation is complex and the modes and the methods of the ventilator should be known properly. For this reason participation of the health professionals to the education programmes including invasive mechanical ventilation techniques is very important in order to improve the abi-lity of using techniques effectively on time. This review is prepared in order to give information about the ventilator terminology and tuning, patient monitoring, weaning criterias and the frequent complications related to invasive mechanical ventilation.

Keywords: Nursing care; ventilator weaning

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