Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Impulsivity as a Determinant of Food Intake: A Cross-Sectional Study of its Role in Eating Attitudes and Behaviors
Besin Alımının Bir Belirleyicisi Olarak Dürtüsellik: Yeme Tutum ve Davranışlarındaki Rolüne Yönelik Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
Elif EMİROĞLUa,b, Mevlüde IŞIKc,d
aDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, İstinye University Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye
bDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye
cDepartment of Audiology, İstinye University Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye
dDepartment of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Osmangazi University Institute of Health Sciences, Eskişehir, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2022;7(3):635-41
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2021-86816
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study aims to examine the possible relationships between impulsivity and eating attitudes and behaviors. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 129 female and 111 male participants, with a mean age of 34.50±12.14 years, were categorized as obese and non-obese according to their body mass index. They were subjected to the Barratt Impulsivity Scale 11, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-Revised 21 and the Eating Attitude Test 26. Their impulsivity, eating attitudes and behaviors were compared, and possible relationships between impulsivity and nutritional behaviors were examined. Results: Emotional eating and uncontrolled eating scores of obese individuals were higher compared to those of non-obese individuals, and obese individuals showed a lower Eating Attitude Test score and level of cognitive restriction. No difference was observed in all subscales of Barratt Impulsivity Scale in obese and nonobese individuals. There were positive correlations between all subscales of Barratt Impulsivity Scale and uncontrolled eating score and emotional eating score. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that impulsivity is not higher in obese individuals, but that all sub-dimensions of impulsivity determined by Barratt Impulsivity Scale 11 are associated with uncontrolled and emotional eating behaviors. In the treatment of obesity, determining impulsivity levels and using approaches to reduce impulsivity may increase effectiveness and sustainability of treatment.

Keywords: Impulsive behavior; feeding behavior; attitude
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışma, dürtüsellik ile yeme tutum ve davranışları arasındaki olası ilişkileri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel türdeki bu çalışmada, ortalama yaşı 34,50±12,14 yıl olan 129 kadın ve 111 erkek katılımcı, beden kitle indekslerine göre obez ve obez olmayan olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Araştırmada, Barratt Dürtüsellik Ölçeği 11, Üç Faktörlü Yeme Ölçeği-Revize 21 ve Yeme Tutum Testi 26 kullanılmıştır. Bireylerin dürtüsellikleri, yeme tutum ve davranışları karşılaştırılmış; dürtüsellik ile beslenme davranışları arasındaki olası korelasyonlar incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Obez bireylerin, duygusal yeme ve kontrolsüz yeme puanları obez olmayanlara göre daha yüksek; Yeme Tutum Testi puanı ve bilişsel kısıtlama düzeyi ise daha düşük bulunmuştur. Obez ve obez olmayan bireylerin Barratt Dürtüsellik Ölçeği alt ölçek puanları arasında hiçbir farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Barratt Dürtüsellik Ölçeği'nin tüm alt ölçekleri ile kontrolsüz yeme ve duygusal yeme arasında pozitif korelasyonlar bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız obez bireylerde dürtüselliğin daha yüksek olmadığını, ancak Barratt Dürtüsellik Ölçeği 11 ile belirlenen dürtüselliğin tüm alt boyutlarının kontrolsüz ve duygusal yeme davranışları ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Obezite tedavisinde bireylerin dürtüsellik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve dürtüselliği azaltmaya yönelik yaklaşımların kullanılması tedavinin etkinliğini ve sürdürülebilirliğini artırabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Dürtücü davranış; beslenme davranışı; tutum
REFERENCES:
  1. Moeller FG, Barratt ES, Dougherty DM, Schmitz JM, Swann AC. Psychiatric aspects of impulsivity. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(11): 1783-93. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. LaCaille L. Eating behavior. In: Gellman MD, Turner JR, eds. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. 1st ed. New York: Springer; 2013. p.641-2.
  3. Guerrieri R, Nederkoorn C, Jansen A. How impulsiveness and variety influence food intake in a sample of healthy women. Appetite. 2007;48(1):119-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Jáuregui-Lobera I, Santiago MJ. Impulsividad y conducta alimentaria en varones [Impulsivity and eating behavior in males]. Nutr Hosp. 2017;34(1):165-70. Spanish. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Bénard M, Bellisle F, Kesse-Guyot E, Julia C, Andreeva VA, Etilé F, et al. Impulsivity is associated with food intake, snacking, and eating disorders in a general population. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(1):117-26. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Lundahl A, Wahlstrom LC, Christ CC, Stoltenberg SF. Gender differences in the relationship between impulsivity and disordered eating behaviors and attitudes. Eat Behav. 2015;18:120-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Delgado-Rico E, Río-Valle JS, González-Jiménez E, Campoy C, Verdejo-García A. BMI predicts emotion-driven impulsivity and cognitive inflexibility in adolescents with excess weight. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;20(8): 1604-10. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Emery RL, Levine MD. Questionnaire and behavioral task measures of impulsivity are differentially associated with body mass index: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 2017;143(8):868-902. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Fonseca NKOD, Molle RD, Costa MA, Gonçalves FG, Silva AC, Rodrigues Y, et al. Impulsivity influences food intake in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Braz J Psychiatry. 2020;42(4):382-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  10. Meule A, Blechert J. Interactive and indirect effects of trait impulsivity facets on body mass index. Appetite. 2017;118:60-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Meule A, de Zwaan M, Müller A. Attentional and motor impulsivity interactively predict 'food addiction' in obese individuals. Compr Psychiatry. 2017;72:83-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Meule A, Platte P. Facets of impulsivity interactively predict body fat and binge eating in young women. Appetite. 2015;87:352-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Sarısoy G, Atmaca A, Ecemiş G, Gümüş K, Pazvantoğlu O. Obezite hastalarında dürtüsellik ve dürtüselliğin beden algısı ve benlik saygısı ile ilişkisi [Impulsivity in patients with obesity and correlations with body perception and self-esteem]. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2013;14:53-61. [Crossref] 
  14. Litchford MD. Clinical: biochemical, physical, and functional assessment. In: Mahan LK, Raymond JL, eds. Krause's Food & the Nutrition Care Process. 14th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2017. p.113.
  15. Stunkard AJ, Messick S. The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger. J Psychosom Res. 1985;29(1):71-83. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Karakuş SŞ, Yıldırım H, Büyüköztürk Ş. Üç faktörlü yeme ölçeğinin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of three factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) into Turkish culture: A validity and reliability study]. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2016;15(3):229-37. [Crossref] 
  17. Garner DM, Garfinkel PE. The Eating Attitudes Test: an index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med. 1979;9(2):273-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Erguney Okumus FE, Sertel Berk HO. Yeme Tutum Testi kısa formunun (YTT-26) Üniversite örnekleminde Türkçeye uyarlanması ve psikometrik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi [The Psychometric Properties of the Eating Attitudes Test Short Form (EAT-26) in a College Sample]. Studies in Psychology. 2020;40(1): 57-78. [Crossref] 
  19. Güleç H, Tamam L, Yazici M, Turhan M, Karakuş G, Zengin M, Stanford M. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2008;18:251-8. [Link] 
  20. Patton JH, Stanford MS, Barratt ES. Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale. J Clin Psychol. 1995;51(6):768-74. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Lin YW, Lin CY, Strong C, Liu CH, Hsieh YP, Lin YC, et al. Psychological correlates of eating behavior in overweight/obese adolescents in Taiwan: Psychometric and correlation analysis of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ)-R21. Pediatr Neonatol. 2021;62(1): 41-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Martín-García M, Vila-Maldonado S, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Faya FM, Plaza-Carmona M, Pastor-Vicedo JC, et al. The Spanish version of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21 for children and adolescents (TFEQ-R21C): Psychometric analysis and relationships with body composition and fitness variables. Physiol Behav. 2016;165:350-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Anglé S, Engblom J, Eriksson T, Kautiainen S, Saha MT, Lindfors P, et al. Three factor eating questionnaire-R18 as a measure of cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating in a sample of young Finnish females. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2009;6:41. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  24. Guerrieri R, Nederkoorn C, Schrooten M, Martijn C, Jansen A. Inducing impulsivity leads high and low restrained eaters into overeating, whereas current dieters stick to their diet. Appetite. 2009;53(1):93-100. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Munguia-Lizárraga S, Bacardí-Gascón M, Armendáriz-Anguiano A, Jiménez-Cruz A. Association of eating behaviors and BMI among elementary school students from Mexico. Nutr Hosp. 2015;31(6):2775-7. [PubMed] 
  26. Bénard M, Bellisle F, Etilé F, Reach G, Kesse-Guyot E, Hercberg S, et al. Impulsivity and consideration of future consequences as moderators of the association between emotional eating and body weight status. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2018;15(1):84. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  27. Abdalla MMI, Alsaidi NA, Azman AHB, Thivakaran AQ, Karunakaran HSVK, Azmani MS, et al. The association between abnormal eating behaviors, body mass index, and waist-to-height ratio among university students in Malaysia. Endocrinology. 2020;16(2):69-73. [Crossref] 
  28. Cilliers J, Senekal M, Kunneke E. The association between the body mass index of first-year female university students and their weight-related perceptions and practices, psychological health, physical activity and other physical health indicators. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9(2):234-43. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Rouzitalab T, Pourghassem Gargari B, Amirsasan R, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Farsad Naeimi A, Sanoobar M. The relationship of disordered eating attitudes with body composition and anthropometric indices in physical education students. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015;17(11):e20727. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  30. Dietrich A, Federbusch M, Grellmann C, Villringer A, Horstmann A. Body weight status, eating behavior, sensitivity to reward/punishment, and gender: relationships and interdependencies. Front Psychol. 2014;5:1073. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  31. Meule A. Commentary: Questionnaire and behavioral task measures of impulsivity are differentially associated with body mass index: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Front Psychol. 2017;8:1222. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  32. Yeomans MR, Leitch M, Mobini S. Impulsivity is associated with the disinhibition but not restraint factor from the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. Appetite. 2008;50(2-3):469-76. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. Garcia-Garcia I, Neseliler S, Morys F, Dadar M, Yau YHC, Scala SG, et al. Relationship between impulsivity, uncontrolled eating and body mass index: a hierarchical model. Int J Obes (Lond). 2021. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Leitch MA, Morgan MJ, Yeomans MR. Different subtypes of impulsivity differentiate uncontrolled eating and dietary restraint. Appetite. 2013;69:54-63. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Jasinska AJ, Yasuda M, Burant CF, Gregor N, Khatri S, Sweet M, et al. Impulsivity and inhibitory control deficits are associated with unhealthy eating in young adults. Appetite. 2012;59(3):738-47. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com