Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Identification of Traffic Accident Hot Spots and Their Characteristics by Using Geographical Information System in İstanbul: Cross-Sectional Study
İstanbul'da Trafik Kazası Sıcak Noktalarının ve Özelliklerinin Coğrafik Bilgi Sistemi Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi: Kesitsel Çalışma
Zeynep TÜRKMENa, Emre KAYABAŞIa, Ahmet Özgür DOĞRUb, Hızır ASLIYÜKSEKc, Faruk AŞICIOĞLUd
aDepartment of Science, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
bDepartment of Geomatics, İstanbul Technical University Faculty of Civil Engineering, İstanbul, Türkiye c President of Council of Forensic Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
cDepartment of Medical Sciences, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2022;19(3):173-84
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2021-87178
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: One of the leading social problems all over the world is deaths and injuries caused by traffic accidents. Identification of accident hotspots and sources by Geographical Information System has been popular tool to provide road/travel safety. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the trends and characteristics of traffic accidents by presenting a system with geographically referenced data on a district basis, taking into account various variables such as accident type, accident result, time period (day/night) and intervals of the accident, and in which days or months the accident occurred. Material and Methods: All the statistical results of accidents were obtained by expert reports issued in 2017 by İstanbul Council of Forensic Medicine, Traffic Specialization Department. Although the accidents, that are the subject of this study, occurred between 2005 and 2017, they were sent to the Forensic Medicine Council and reported in 2017 due to the length of legal processes and the inconsistency of forensic expert reports. Results: In this way, 1,568 accidents occurred in İstanbul, which were submitted to the judicial authorities as a result of the disputes arising after a traffic accident, were determined and examined. Since accident reports are prepared in textual format, this situation makes difficult to analyze data. This study includes data on traffic accidents within the provincial borders of İstanbul to investigate trends and characteristics. According to the obtained data, it was possible to determine the accidents which have occurred on the European Side were doubled the ones on the Anatolia Side. Küçükçekmece district was the highest number of accident in both fatal and injured. June (148 accidents-9.4%) and September (144- 9.1%) were the months with the highest number of accidents occurred on a monthly basis. The majority of traffic accidents have occurred at the 16.00-19.59 interval hours. Conclusion: The identification of potential accident hotspots is effective and practical for management decision-making, reducing traffic accidents and improving safety operation management.

Keywords: Traffic accident; İstanbul; accident trends; traffic model
ÖZET
 Amaç: Trafik kazalarından kaynaklanan ölüm ve yaralanmalar, tüm dünyada önde gelen sosyal sorunlardan biridir. Coğrafik Bilgi Sistemi ile kara yolunda kaza noktalarının ve kaynaklarının belirlenmesi, yol/seyahat güvenliğini sağlamak için popüler bir araç olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, ilçe bazında coğrafi referanslı veriler içeren bir sistem sunarak kaza tipi, kaza sonucu, kazanın gerçekleştiği zaman dilimi (gündüz/gece) ve saat aralıkları, kazanın hangi gün veya aylarda meydana geldiği gibi çeşitli değişkenler dikkate alarak trafik kazalarının eğilimlerinin ve özelliklerinin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kazaların tüm istatistiksel sonuçları, İstanbul Adli Tıp Kurumu Trafik İhtisas Daire Başkanlığı tarafından 2017 yılında düzenlenen bilirkişi raporları ile elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmaya konu olan kazalar, 2005-2017 yılları arasında meydana gelmesine rağmen yasal süreçlerin uzunluğu, adli bilirkişi raporlarının uyuşmazlığı nedeniyle adli tıp kurumuna gönderilip 2017 yılında raporlanmıştır. Bulgular: Kara yolunda çıkan anlaşmazlıklar sonucu mahkemeye intikal eden raporlar arasında İstanbul ili sınırları içinde 1.568 kaza meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir. Kaza raporlarının metin formatında hazırlanması, verilerin analizini zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışma eğilimleri ve özellikleri araştırmak için İstanbul il sınırları içindeki trafik kazalarına ilişkin verileri içermektedir. Elde edilen verilere göre, Avrupa Yakasında meydana gelen kazaların Anadolu Yakasındakileri 2'ye katladığı, Küçükçekmece ilçesinin hem ölümlü hem de yaralamalı kazaların en fazla görüldüğü ilçe olduğu, Haziran (148 kaza-%9,4) ve Eylül (144-%9,1) aylarında en fazla kazanın meydana geldiği ve kazalarının büyük çoğunluğunun 16.00-19.59 saatleri arasında meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Olası kaza noktalarının belirlenmesi, şehir yönetiminin karar almasında, trafik kazalarının azaltılmasında ve güvenlik yönetiminin iyileştirilmesinde etkili ve pratik bir yöntemdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Trafik kazası; İstanbul; kaza trendleri; trafik modeli
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