Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics

Hipertrofik Kardiyomiyopatili 38 Hastanın Klinik Belirtiler, Prognoz ve Tedavi Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi
HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPA THY: THE CLINICAL COURSE AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICA TIONS OF 38 PA TIENTS
Nazlıhan GÜNALa, Muhsin SARAÇLARb, Süheyta ÖZKUTLUb, Senear ÖZMEb, Arman BİLGİÇb
aHacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Pediatrık Kardiyoloji Ünitesi,
bHacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Pediatrik Kardiyoloji Ünitesi, ANKARA
Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr. 1995;4(1):8-12
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Pediatrik Kardiyoloji Ünitesinde 1983-1993 yılları arasında hipertrofik kardiyomiyopati tanısı alan 26 erkek (%68), 12 kız (%32) ve ortalama yaşları 10.8 yıl olan 38 hasta retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Ortalama izlem süresi 5.1 yıldır. Hipertrofik kardiyomiyopati tanısı klinik, elektrokardiyografik ve ekokardiyografik bulgular ile konulmuş, 13 hastada ek olarak hemodinamik ve anjiografik çalışma yapılmıştır. Hastalığın ailevi görülüş sıklığı %13 olarak saptanmıştır. Hastaların %50si tanı konulduğunda semptomsuz olup, diğerlerinde en sık rastlanan belirtiler efordispnesi(%24), ve göğüs ağrı sidir (%10). 38 hastanın 35inde şiddeti 1-4 dereceler arasında değişen sistolik üfürüm, 25 hastanın (%66) göğüs radyogramlarında kardiyomegali, 27 hastanın (%71) elektrokardiyogramında sol veya sol ventrikül hipertrofisi, blventriküler hipertrofi, ST-T değişiklikleri veya derin Q dalgaları saptanmıştır. Ekokardiyografik olarak tüm hastalarda mitral kapağın sistolde öne hareketi, 34 hastada (%90) asimetrik septal hipertrofi, 4 hastada (%10) konsentrik hipertrofi görülmüştür. 20 hastaya beta adrenerjik bloker verilmiş: bu hastaların 14ünün (%70) klinik belirtilerinde düzelme olduğu gözlenmiştir. Tıbbi tedavi ile belirtileri düzelmeyen veya sol ventrikül çıkış yolu obstrüksiyonu 50 mmHgnın üzerinde olan 11 hastaya miyotomi-miyektomi şeklinde cerrahi tedavi uygulanmış, ameliyat sonrası klinik iziemi yapılan 9 hastanın 8inde (%89) klinik belirtilerde düzelme ve sol ventrikül çıkış yolu obstürksiyonunda azalma gözlenmiştir. Ameliyat sonrası ikinci günde ventriküier fibrila y on nedeniyle kaybedilen bir hasta dışında izlem sırasında ölüm olmamıştır. Sonuç olarak hlp&rtrofik kardiyomlyopatili hastaların tedavisinde beta adrenerjik biokeriehn; tedaviden yarar görmeyen ya da sol ventrikü! çıkış yolu obstrüksiyonu belirgin olan hastalarda ise cerrahi girişimin büyük oranda etkin olduğu gözlenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hipertrofik kardiyomiyopati, Beta adrenerjik bloker, Miyotomi, Miyektomi, Ekokardiyografi
ABSTRACT
A retrospective study was carried out on 38 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, seen In the Pediatric Cardiology Unit of during the period between 1983-1993. The diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was made on the basis of clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiography findings. Hemodynamic and angiographs studies were also carried out on 13 patients. 26 patients (68%) were male, 12(32%) were female. The mean age was 10.8 years. Familial incidence was 13% and there was no clinical findings in 50% of patients at the time of diagnosis. The mean follow up period was 5.1 years. The most frequent complaints were effort dyspnea (24%) and chest pain (10%). Of the 38 patients 35(92%) had a systolic murmur ranging from 1-4 degrees The chest roentgenograms were normal in 13 patents (34%), while in 25(66%) mild to severe cardlomegaly was detected. The electrocardiographic findings were normal in 11 patients, in the others, conditions such as left or right ventricular hypertrophy, ST T wave changes, biventricular hypertrophy and deep 0 waves were determined. The most common echocardiographic finding was asymmetrical septal hypertrohy seen in 34(90%) patients. Concentric hypertrophy was seen in 4(10%) patients, while systo,ic anterior motion of the mitral valve was detected in all of the patients. Beta blocking agents were administered to 20 patients and in 14(70%) of these, symptoms disappeared. In 11 patients, in whom ventricular outflow tract perssure gradients were over 50 mmHg or medical treatment was failed, surgical intervention with myotomy-myectomy was carried out. One patient died during the early postoperative period because of ventricular fibrillation, and another patient did not come for medical controls after operation. Clinhal signs and symptoms disappeared in 8(89%) of the remaining 9 patinets. The was no sudden or cardiac death in the whole group except the one who died at the postoperative period. It was concluded that medical treatment with beta blocking agents, and when this failed, surgical relief of hypertrophy as myotomoy or myectomy was highly effective in these patients.

Keywords: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Beta blocking agents, Myotomy, Myectomy, Echocardiography

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