Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: REVIEW
Hemşirelik Eğitiminin Tarihsel Gelişimi
Historical Development of Nursing Education
Tuğçe ÇAMLICAa , Handan KARTALa
aSüleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi, Isparta, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2021;29(1):142-7
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2020-75753
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 İnsanlığın var oluşundan günümüze kadar yaşanan tüm evrensel olaylar, hemşirelik mesleğinin değişmesine ve gelişmesine sebep olmuştur. Topluma hizmet vermek üzere doğan hemşirelik mesleği; görev tanımı, mesleki rol ve işlevler açısından birçok aşamadan geçmiştir. Eğitim ve uygulama alanında da birçok aşamadan geçen hemşirelik mesleği, bu alanlarda hâlen aktif bir değişim ve gelişim yaşamaktadır. Günümüzde hemşirelik eğitimi giderek gelişmesine rağmen eğitim sürecinde, hemşirelik tarihine yeterince değinilmediği görülmektedir. Oysaki her profesyonel meslekte olduğu gibi hemşirelik mesleğinin eğitiminde, olmazsa olmazların başında meslek tarihi gelmektedir. Buna karşın günümüzde hemşirelerin ve hemşirelik öğrencilerinin; mesleki tarih bilgisi ve hemşirelik tarihi eğitiminin yeterliliği ve etkinliği konusunda, literatürde yeterince bilgi yer almamaktadır. Hâlbuki hemşirelik mesleğinin bugünkü durumunu ve bu mesleğin yaşadığı gelişimleri değerlendirebilmek için hemşirelik mesleğinin ve eğitiminin; geçmişine bakmak, tarihini anlamak, nasıl ortaya çıktığını, tarihte nasıl geliştiğini ve günümüze kadar nasıl geldiğini bilmek gereklidir. Bütün bunların ışığında bu derleme, literatür incelemesinden yola çıkarak geçmişten günümüze hemşirelik eğitiminin gelişimini ve bu süreçte yaşanılan sorunları bir arada değerlendirmiştir. Aynı zamanda hemşirelik eğitiminin tarihine şekil veren olayların ve günümüzde hemşirelik mesleğini etkileyen konuların çerçevesi çizilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu derlemenin ileride yapılacak olan çalışmalarda ve eğitim alanlarında; akademisyenlere, hemşirelere ve hemşirelik öğrencilerine rehberlik etmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemşire; hemşirelik tarihi; hemşirelik eğitimi; eğitim
ABSTRACT
 Nursing profession has continued to evolve and develop throughout the history of humanity. The primary motivation of nursing profession has been to serve the community and its job description, professional roles, and functions have undergone substantial changes over time. Moreover, the education and practice of nursing profession have fundamentally changed for ages and they are still changing. Despite all these significant transformations in the nature of nursing profession, the history of professional nursing is not specifically addressed in the curricula of nursing departments. However, the history of professional nursing practice is a sine qua non of the nursing education curriculum as in other disciplines. Furthermore, only a few studies have been published so far on the proficiency and efficiency of nursing history education among nurses and nursing students. It would be reasonable to argue that any assessment of nursing practice today as well as historical development of nursing deliberately requires a comprehensive understanding of the historical background of nursing, how it proved itself as a professional and scientific field, how it developed over time and how it has accomplished its current integrity and capacity. In light of such a historical background, this study aims to conduct a literature review to investigate the history of nursign education, its development, and challenges. This study will also endevaour to draw a framework of crucial incidents and issues that have shaped the historical development of nursing practice. Consequently, this study is considered to pave the way for future researches and educational programs that are particularly designed for researchers, nurses, and nursing students.

Keywords: Nurse; history of nursing; nursing education; education
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