Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

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Uluslararası Klinik Uygulama Rehberleri Doğrultusunda Kalp Yetersizliğinde Semptom Yönetimi
Heart Failure Symptom Management in Accordance with the International Clinical Practice Guidelines
Mediha SERTa, Selma TURAN KAVRADIMa, Zeynep CANLI ÖZERa
aİç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Antalya, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2019;11(4):427-38
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2019-65914
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Kalp yetersizliği (KY), mortalite ve morbidite oranları açısından kardiyovasküler hastalıklar arasında önemli bir yer tutmakta ve günümüzde dünya çapında en az 38 milyon insanı etkilemektedir. KY tanısı alan bireylerde pulmoner konjesyon, sistemik venöz konjesyon ve düşük kardiyak debiye bağlı çeşitli semptomlar görülebilmektedir. KY'de en iyi tedavi ve bakım stratejilerinin seçilmesine yardımcı olmak amacıyla çeşitli rehberler oluşturulmuştur. Bu kapsamda, KY'ye ilişkin güncel kanıtları içeren Avrupa Kardiyoloji Derneği, Amerikan Kalp Birliği, Amerikan Kardiyoloji Birliği, Avustralya Ulusal Kalp Vakfı, Ulusal Sağlık ve Bakım Mükemmeliyet Enstitüsü ve ülkemizde Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği'nin rehberleri bulunmaktadır. Bu rehberler, farklı kanıt düzeylerindeki öneriler ile hasta bakımının kalitesini iyileştirmeyi amaçlamakta ve klinik karar vermede sağlık personeline destek olmaktadır. KY'ye ilişkin son rehberler semptom yönetimi ve kan basıncının kontrol altında tutulması, kolesterol yönetimi, sıvı dengesi ile semptomların rahatlatılması, diyet ve kilo yönetimi, fiziksel aktivite, sigara ve alkol kullanımı konularında yaşam tarzı müdahalelerini içermektedir. Hemşirelerin güncel rehberler ve kanıt düzeyi yüksek çalışmalar doğrultusunda verecekleri bakım ile KY'ye bağlı komplikasyonların gelişme riskinin azalacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmada, hemşirelerde konuyla ilgili farkındalığın artması ve klinik uygulama rehberlerinde yer alan önerilerin sağlık çalışanları tarafından alanda daha kolay uygulanmasını sağlamak hedeflenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Uluslararası klinik rehberler; kalp yetersizliği yönetimi; hemşire; hemşirelik bakımı
ABSTRACT
 Heart failure plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases in terms of mortality and morbidity rates and it affects at least 38 million people worldwide today. In patients with heart failure, various symptoms may be seen due to pulmonary congestion, systemic venous congestion and low cardiac output. Various guidelines have been set up to help select the best treatment and care strategies for heart failure. In this context, the European Society of Cardiology, American Heart Association, the American Cardiology Association, the Australian National Heart Foundation, the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence, and in our country the Turkish Society of Cardiology have guidelines. These guidelines aim to improve the quality of patient care through recommendations at different levels of evidence and support health professional in clinical decision making. Recent guidelines related to heart failure include symptom management and lifestyle interventions such as control of blood pressure, cholesterol management, relieving symptoms with fluid balance, diet and weight management, physical activity, on smoking and alcohol use. It is predicted that the risk of development of complications related to heart failure will decrease with the care given by the nurses in line with current guidelines and studies with high level of evidence. In this respect, it is aimed to increase the awareness of nurses about the subject and to make the recommendations included in the clinical practice guidelines more easily implemented by the health professionals in the field.

Keywords: International clinical guidelines; heart failure management; nurse; nursing care
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