Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: REVIEW
Güncel Kalsiyum Silikat Esaslı Kök Tamir Materyallerinin Fizikokimyasal ve Biyolojik Özellikleri
Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Current Calcium Silicate Based Root Repair Materials
Emine ŞİMŞEK a, Makbule Bilge AKBULUTa
aNecmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Endodonti ABD, Konya, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2021;27(1):117-28
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2020-74285
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Son yıllarda endodonti alanında çok sayıda olumlu özelliği nedeniyle kalsiyum silikat esaslı materyaller kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bağ dokusu ile direkt teması olan materyallerin kullanımı söz konusu olduğunda materyalin biyouyumluluğu o maddede aranan en önemli özelliktir. Ayrıca kullanılan ideal tamir materyali toksik olmamalı, nemli ortamda sertleşebilmeli, kandan etkilenmemeli, bakteri ve doku sıvılarına karşı iyi bir tıkama özelliği olmalı, kalsiyum hidroksit salmalı, kemik oluşumunu indüklemeli, antibakteriyel özelliğe sahip olmalı ve yeterli oranda sertliğe sahip olmalıdır. Kalsiyum silikat esaslı materyallerin içeriğinde trikalsiyum silikat, dikalsiyum silikat gibi hidrofilik bileşikler bulunur. Kalsiyum silikat esaslı materyaller; vital pulpa tedavisinde, apeksifikasyon, perforasyon tamiri, internal rezorbsiyon tedavisi ve kök ucu dolgusu işlemlerinde kullanılmaktadır. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) endodonti alanında kullanılmaya başladığından bu yana oldukça popülerlik kazanmış ve altın standart haline gelmiş kalsiyum silikat esaslı bir dolgu materyalidir. MTA'nın çok sayıdaki avantajına karşın uzun süren sertleşme zamanı, kullanımından sonra nemli pamuk yerleştirilmesi gerekliliği dolayısıyla randevu sayısının artışı, uygulama zorluğu, özellikle ön bölge dişlerde renklenmeye neden olması, bileşiminde toksik elementlerin bulunması, maliyetinin yüksek olması ve sökümünün zor olması gibi dezavantajları vardır. Bu nedenle ideal kök ucu dolgu maddesi arayışı günümüzde halen sürmektedir. Bu materyallerin bir kısmı, MTA'ya alternatif olma hatta MTA'nın yerine geçme potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, güncel kalsiyum silikat esaslı materyallerin fizikokimyasal ve biyolojik özellikleri ile ilgili kapsamlı bilgi vermektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Endodonti; mineral trioksit agregat; apikoektomi; trikalsiyum silikat
ABSTRACT
 In recent years, calcium silicate-based materials have been widely used in the field of endodontics due to their many favorable properties. When it comes to the use of materials that have direct contact with the connective tissue, the biocompatibility of the material is the most important feature. In addition, the ideal repair material should be non-toxic, harden in a moist environment, not be affected by blood, have good sealing properties against bacteria and tissue fluids, release calcium hydroxide, induce bone formation, have antibacterial properties and have sufficient hardness. Calcium silicate-based materials contains hydrophilic compounds such as tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate. Calcium silicate-based materials have been used in vital pulp treatment, apexification, perforation repair, treatment of internal root resorption and root end filling procedures. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a calcium silicate based filling material that has gained popularity and has become a gold standard since it started to be used in the field of endodontics. Despite the numerous advantages of MTA, it has disadvantages like long setting time, requiring more than one visit due to the necessity of placing wet cotton pellet on it , difficult handling properties, discoloration effect especially on anterior teeth, the presence of toxic elements in its composition, high cost and difficult to remove. Therefore, the search for the ideal root end filling material is still ongoing today. Some of these materials have the potential to be an alternative to MTA or even to replace MTA. The purpose of this review is to provide comprehensive information about physicochemical and biological properties of current calcium silicate-based materials.

Keywords: Endodontics; mineral trioxide aggregate; apicoectomy; tricalcium silicate
REFERENCES:
  1. Hargreaves KM, Berman LH. Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp Expert Consult. 11th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Health Sci; 2015.
  2. Torabinejad M, Watson TF, Pitt Ford TR. Sealing ability of a mineral trioxide aggregate when used as a root end filling material. J Endod. 1993;19(12):591-5.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  3. Torabinejad M, Chivian N. Clinical applications of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 1999;25(3):197-205.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  4. Lee YL, Lee BS, Lin FH, Yun Lin A, Lan WH, Lin CP. Effects of physiological environments on the hydration behavior of mineral trioxide aggregate. Biomaterials. 2004;25(5):787-93.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  5. Torabinejad M, Pitt Ford TR. Root end filling materials: a review. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1996;12(4):161-78.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  6. Bortoluzzi EA, Araújo GS, Guerreiro Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M. Marginal gingiva discoloration by gray MTA: a case report. J Endod. 2007;33(3):325-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  7. Asgary S, Parirokh M, Eghbal MJ, Brink F. Chemical differences between white and gray mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 2005;31(2):101-3.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  8. Song JS, Mante FK, Romanow WJ, Kim S. Chemical analysis of powder and set forms of Portland cement, gray ProRoot MTA, white ProRoot MTA, and gray MTA-Angelus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;102(6):809-15.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  9. Parirokh M, Torabinejad M. Mineral trioxide aggregate: a comprehensive literature review--Part I: chemical, physical, and antibacterial properties. J Endod. 2010;36(1):16-27.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  10. Danesh G, Dammaschke T, Gerth HU, Zandbiglari T, Schäfer E. A comparative study of selected properties of ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate and two Portland cements. Int Endod J. 2006;39(3):213-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  11. Islam I, Chng HK, Yap AU. Comparison of the physical and mechanical properties of MTA and portland cement. J Endod. 2006;32(3):193-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  12. Fridland M, Rosado R. MTA solubility: a long term study. J Endod. 2005;31(5):376-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  13. Gondim E Jr, Kim S, de Souza-Filho FJ. An investigation of microleakage from root-end fillings in ultrasonic retrograde cavities with or without finishing: a quantitative analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;99(6):755-60.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  14. Shipper G, Grossman ES, Botha AJ, Cleaton-Jones PE. Marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) compared with amalgam as a root-end filling material: a low-vacuum (LV) versus high-vacuum (HV) SEM study. Int Endod J. 2004;37(5):325-36.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  15. Rhim EM, Huh SY, Ahn SJ, Abbott PV, Kim EC, Park SH. Comparison of the microhardness and morphology of five different retrograde filling materials in aqueous and dry conditions. Scanning. 2012;34(6):359-66.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  16. Namazikhah MS, Nekoofar MH, Sheykhrezae MS, Salariyeh S, Hayes SJ, Bryant ST, et al. The effect of pH on surface hardness and microstructure of mineral trioxide aggregate. Int Endod J. 2008;41(2):108-16.[PubMed] 
  17. Giuliani V, Nieri M, Pace R, Pagavino G. Effects of pH on surface hardness and microstructure of mineral trioxide aggregate and Aureoseal: an in vitro study. J Endod. 2010;36(11):1883-6.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  18. Saghiri MA, Lotfi M, Joupari MD, Aeinehchi M, Saghiri AM. Effects of storage temperature on surface hardness, microstructure, and phase formation of white mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 2010;36(8):1414-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  19. Saghiri MA, Asgar K, Lotfi M, Garcia-Godoy F. Nanomodification of mineral trioxide aggregate for enhanced physiochemical properties. Int Endod J. 2012;45(11):979-88.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  20. Atabek D, Sillelioğlu H, Olmez A. Bond strength of adhesive systems to mineral trioxide aggregate with different time intervals. J Endod. 2012;38(9):1288-92.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  21. Yesilyurt C, Yildirim T, Taşdemir T, Kusgoz A. Shear bond strength of conventional glass ionomer cements bound to mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 2009;35(10):1381-3.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  22. Haglund R, He J, Jarvis J, Safavi KE, Spångberg LS, Zhu Q. Effects of root-end filling materials on fibroblasts and macrophages in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;95(6):739-45.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  23. Kettering JD, Torabinejad M. Investigation of mutagenicity of mineral trioxide aggregate and other commonly used root-end filling materials. J Endod. 1995;21(11):537-42.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  24. Torabinejad M, Pitt Ford TR, McKendry DJ, Abedi HR, Miller DA, Kariyawasam SP. Histologic assessment of mineral trioxide aggregate as a root-end filling in monkeys. J Endod. 1997;23(4):225-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  25. Torabinejad M, Ford TR, Abedi HR, Kariyawasam SP, Tang HM. Tissue reaction to implanted root-end filling materials in the tibia and mandible of guinea pigs. J Endod. 1998;24(7):468-71.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  26. Menezes R, Bramante CM, Letra A, Carvalho VG, Garcia RB. Histologic evaluation of pulpotomies in dog using two types of mineral trioxide aggregate and regular and white Portland cements as wound dressings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004;98(3):376-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  27. De Deus G, Ximenes R, Gurgel-Filho ED, Plotkowski MC, Coutinho-Filho T. Cytotoxicity of MTA and Portland cement on human ECV 304 endothelial cells. Int Endod J. 2005;38(9):604-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  28. Koh ET, McDonald F, Pitt Ford TR, Torabinejad M. Cellular response to mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 1998;24(8):543-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  29. Al-Nazhan S, Al-Judai A. Evaluation of antifungal activity of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 2003;29(12):826-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  30. Stowe TJ, Sedgley CM, Stowe B, Fenno JC. The effects of chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) on the antimicrobial properties of tooth-colored ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 2004;30(6):429-31.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  31. Dominguez MS, Witherspoon DE, Gutmann JL, Opperman LA. Histological and scanning electron microscopy assessment of various vital pulp-therapy materials. J Endod. 2003;29(5):324-33.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  32. Santos AD, Araújo EB, Yukimitu K, Barbosa JC, Moraes JC. Setting time and thermal expansion of two endodontic cements. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;106(3):e77-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  33. Chng HK, Islam I, Yap AU, Tong YW, Koh ET. Properties of a new root-end filling material. J Endod. 2005;31(9):665-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  34. Komabayashi T, Spångberg LS. Comparative analysis of the particle size and shape of commercially available mineral trioxide aggregates and Portland cement: a study with a flow particle image analyzer. J Endod. 2008;34(1):94-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  35. Oliveira IR, Pandolfelli VC, Jacobovitz M. Chemical, physical and mechanical properties of a novel calcium aluminate endodontic cement. Int Endod J. 2010;43(12):1069-76.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  36. Reyes-Carmona JF, Felippe MS, Felippe WT. Biomineralization ability and interaction of mineral trioxide aggregate and white portland cement with dentin in a phosphate-containing fluid. J Endod. 2009;35(5):731-6.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  37. Nekoofar MH, Aseeley Z, Dummer PM. The effect of various mixing techniques on the surface microhardness of mineral trioxide aggregate. Int Endod J. 2010;43(4):312-20.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  38. Pereira CL, Cenci MS, Demarco FF. Sealing ability of MTA, Super EBA, Vitremer and amalgam as root-end filling materials. Braz Oral Res. 2004;18(4):317-21.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  39. Xavier CB, Weismann R, de Oliveira MG, Demarco FF, Pozza DH. Root-end filling materials: apical microleakage and marginal adaptation. J Endod. 2005;31(7):539-42.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  40. Ribeiro DA, Sugui MM, Matsumoto MA, Duarte MA, Marques ME, Salvadori DM. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of mineral trioxide aggregate and regular and white Portland cements on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;101(2):258-61.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  41. Koulaouzidou EA, Economides N, Beltes P, Geromichalos G, Papazisis K. In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity of ProRoot MTA and MTA Angelus. J Oral Sci. 2008;50(4):397-402.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  42. Miranda RB, Fidel SR, Boller MA. L929 cell response to root perforation repair cements: an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Braz Dent J. 2009;20(1):22-6.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  43. Accorinte ML, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Carneiro E, Grande RH, Murata SS, et al. Response of human dental pulp capped with MTA and calcium hydroxide powder. Oper Dent. 2008;33(5):488-95.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  44. Gomes-Filho JE, Watanabe S, Bernabé PF, de Moraes Costa MT. A mineral trioxide aggregate sealer stimulated mineralization. J Endod. 2009;35(2):256-60.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  45. Sipert CR, Hussne RP, Nishiyama CK, Torres SA. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Fill Canal, Sealapex, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Portland cement and EndoRez. Int Endod J. 2005;38(8):539-43.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  46. Tanomaru-Filho M, Tanomaru JM, Barros DB, Watanabe E, Ito IY. In vitro antimicrobial activity of endodontic sealers, MTA-based cements and Portland cement. J Oral Sci. 2007;49(1):41-5.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  47. Laurent P, Camps J, De Méo M, Déjou J, About I. Induction of specific cell responses to a Ca(3)SiO(5)-based posterior restorative material. Dent Mater. 2008;24(11):1486-94.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  48. Grech L, Mallia B, Camilleri J. Characterization of set Intermediate restorative material, biodentine, bioaggregate and a prototype calcium silicate cement for use as root-end filling materials. Int Endod J. 2013;46(7):632-41.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  49. Sanghavi T, Shah N, Shah RR. Comparative analysis of sealing ability of biodentin and calcium phosphate cement against mineral trioxide aggregate (Mta) as a furcal perforation repair material (an in vitro study). Natl J Int Res Med. 2013;4(3):56-60.[Link] 
  50. Guneser MB, Akbulut MB, Eldeniz AU. Effect of various endodontic irrigants on the push-out bond strength of biodentine and conventional root perforation repair materials. J Endod. 2013;39(3):380-4.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  51. Natale LC, Rodrigues MC, Xavier TA, Simões A, de Souza DN, Braga RR. Ion release and mechanical properties of calcium silicate and calcium hydroxide materials used for pulp capping. Int Endod J. 2015;48(1):89-94. Erratum in: Int Endod J. 2015;48(11):1102.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  52. Han L, Okiji T. Bioactivity evaluation of three calcium silicate-based endodontic materials. Int Endod J. 2013;46(9):808-14.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  53. Camilleri J, Sorrentino F, Damidot D. Investigation of the hydration and bioactivity of radiopacified tricalcium silicate cement, Biodentine and MTA Angelus. Dent Mater. 2013;29(5):580-93.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  54. Han L, Okiji T. Uptake of calcium and silicon released from calcium silicate-based endodontic materials into root canal dentine. Int Endod J. 2011;44(12):1081-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  55. El-Ma'aita AM, Qualtrough AJ, Watts DC. The effect of smear layer on the push-out bond strength of root canal calcium silicate cements. Dent Mater. 2013;29(7):797-803.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  56. Leiendecker AP, Qi YP, Sawyer AN, Niu LN, Agee KA, Loushine RJ, et al. Effects of calcium silicate-based materials on collagen matrix integrity of mineralized dentin. J Endod. 2012;38(6):829-33.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  57. Goldberg M, Pradelle-Plasse N, Tran XV, Colon P, Laurent P, Aubut V, et al. Emerging trends in (bio) material researches. In: Goldberg M, ed. Biocompatibility or Cytotoxic Effects of Dental Composites. 1st ed. Oxford, UK: Coxmoor Publishing; 2009. p.181-203.
  58. Zhou HM, Shen Y, Wang ZJ, Li L, Zheng YF, Häkkinen L, et al. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of a novel root repair material. J Endod. 2013;39(4):478-83.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  59. Pérard M, Le Clerc J, Watrin T, Meary F, Pérez F, Tricot-Doleux S, et al. Spheroid model study comparing the biocompatibility of Biodentine and MTA. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2013;24(6):1527-34. Erratum in: J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2013;24(9):2275.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  60. Lee BN, Lee KN, Koh JT, Min KS, Chang HS, Hwang IN, et al. Effects of 3 endodontic bioactive cements on osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. J Endod. 2014;40(8):1217-22.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  61. Zanini M, Sautier JM, Berdal A, Simon S. Biodentine induces immortalized murine pulp cell differentiation into odontoblast-like cells and stimulates biomineralization. J Endod. 2012;38(9):1220-6.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  62. Park JW, Hong SH, Kim JH, Lee SJ, Shin SJ. X-Ray diffraction analysis of white ProRoot MTA and Diadent BioAggregate. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109(1):155-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  63. Camilleri J, Kralj P, Veber M, Sinagra E. Characterization and analyses of acid-extractable and leached trace elements in dental cements. Int Endod J. 2012;45(8):737-43.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  64. Hashem AA, Wanees Amin SA. The effect of acidity on dislodgment resistance of mineral trioxide aggregate and bioaggregate in furcation perforations: an in vitro comparative study. J Endod. 2012;38(2):245-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  65. Saghiri MA, Garcia-Godoy F, Asatourian A, Lotfi M, Banava S, Khezri-Boukani K. Effect of pH on compressive strength of some modification of mineral trioxide aggregate. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18(4):e714-20.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  66. Saghiri MA, Nazari A, Garcia-Godoy F, Asatourian A, Malekzadeh M, Elyasi M. Mechanical response of dental cements as determined by nanoindentation and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Microanal. 2013;19(6):1458-64.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  67. Saghiri MA, Garcia-Godoy F, Gutmann JL, Lotfi M, Asatourian A, Ahmadi H. Push-out bond strength of a nano-modified mineral trioxide aggregate. Dent Traumatol. 2013;29(4):323-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  68. Çelik D, Er K, Serper A, Taşdemir T, Ceyhanlı KT. Push-out bond strength of three calcium silicate cements to root canal dentine after two different irrigation regimes. Clin Oral Investig. 2014;18(4):1141-6.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  69. El Sayed M, Saeed M. In vitro comparative study of sealing ability of Diadent BioAggregate and other root-end filling materials. J Conserv Dent. 2012;15(3):249-52.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  70. Yuan Z, Peng B, Jiang H, Bian Z, Yan P. Effect of bioaggregate on mineral-associated gene expression in osteoblast cells. J Endod. 2010;36(7):1145-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  71. Saghiri MA, Tanideh N, Garcia-Godoy F, Lotfi M, Karamifar K, Amanat D. Subcutaneous connective tissue reactions to various endodontic biomaterials: an animal study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2013;7(1):15-21.[PubMed] [PMC] 
  72. Batur YB, Acar G, Yalcin Y, Dindar S, Sancakli H, Erdemir U. The cytotoxic evaluation of mineral trioxide aggregate and bioaggregate in the subcutaneous connective tissue of rats. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18(4):e745-51.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  73. Yan P, Yuan Z, Jiang H, Peng B, Bian Z. Effect of bioaggregate on differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Int Endod J. 2010;43(12):1116-21.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  74. Zhang S, Yang X, Fan M. BioAggregate and iRoot BP Plus optimize the proliferation and mineralization ability of human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J. 2013;46(10):923-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  75. Khalil I, Naaman A, Camilleri J. Properties of tricalcium silicate sealers. J Endod. 2016;42(10):1529-35.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  76. Dohaithem A, Al-Nasser A, Al-Badah A, Al-Nazhan S, Al-Maflehi N. An in vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of bioaggregate. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;112(4):e27-30.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  77. Chung CR, Kim E, Shin SJ. Biocompatibility of bioaggregate cement on human pulp and periodontal ligament (PDL) derived cells. J Kor Acad Cons Dent. 2010;35(6):473-8.[Crossref] 
  78. Wang Z, Ma J, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Acidic pH weakens the microhardness and microstructure of three tricalcium silicate materials. Int Endod J. 2015;48(4):323-32.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  79. Damas BA, Wheater MA, Bringas JS, Hoen MM. Cytotoxicity comparison of mineral trioxide aggregates and EndoSequence bioceramic root repair materials. J Endod. 2011;37(3):372-5.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  80. Hirschman WR, Wheater MA, Bringas JS, Hoen MM. Cytotoxicity comparison of three current direct pulp-capping agents with a new bioceramic root repair putty. J Endod. 2012;38(3):385-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  81. Ma J, Shen Y, Stojicic S, Haapasalo M. Biocompatibility of two novel root repair materials. J Endod. 2011;37(6):793-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  82. Modareszadeh MR, Di Fiore PM, Tipton DA, Salamat N. Cytotoxicity and alkaline phosphatase activity evaluation of endosequence root repair material. J Endod. 2012;38(8):1101-5.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  83. De-Deus G, Canabarro A, Alves GG, Marins JR, Linhares AB, Granjeiro JM. Cytocompatibility of the ready-to-use bioceramic putty repair cement iRoot BP Plus with primary human osteoblasts. Int Endod J. 2012;45(6):508-13.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  84. Shi S, Bao ZF, Liu Y, Zhang DD, Chen X, Jiang LM, et al. Comparison of in vivo dental pulp responses to capping with iRoot BP Plus and mineral trioxide aggregate. Int Endod J. 2016;49(2):154-60.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  85. Chen I, Karabucak B, Wang C, Wang HG, Koyama E, Kohli MR, et al. Healing after root-end microsurgery by using mineral trioxide aggregate and a new calcium silicate-based bioceramic material as root-end filling materials in dogs. J Endod. 2015;41(3):389-99.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  86. Lovato KF, Sedgley CM. Antibacterial activity of endosequence root repair material and proroot MTA against clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 2011;37(11):1542-6.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  87. Alsalleeh F, Chung N, Stephenson L. Antifungal activity of endosequence root repair material and mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 2014;40(11):1815-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  88. Gandolfi MG, Siboni F, Primus CM, Prati C. Ion release, porosity, solubility, and bioactivity of MTA Plus tricalcium silicate. J Endod. 2014;40(10):1632-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  89. DeLong C, He J, Woodmansey KF. The effect of obturation technique on the push-out bond strength of calcium silicate sealers. J Endod. 2015;41(3):385-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  90. Walsh RM, Woodmansey KF, Glickman GN, He J. Evaluation of compressive strength of hydraulic silicate-based root-end filling materials. J Endod. 2014;40(7):969-72.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  91. Eid AA, Gosier JL, Primus CM, Hammond BD, Susin LF, Pashley DH, et al. In vitro biocompatibility and oxidative stress profiles of different hydraulic calcium silicate cements. J Endod. 2014;40(2):255-60.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  92. Kramer PR, Woodmansey KF, White R, Primus CM, Opperman LA. Capping a pulpotomy with calcium aluminosilicate cement: comparison to mineral trioxide aggregates. J Endod. 2014;40(9):1429-34.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  93. Qureshi A, E S, Nandakumar, Pratapkumar, Sambashivarao. Recent advances in pulp capping materials: an overview. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(1):316-21.[PubMed] [PMC] 
  94. Yamamoto S, Han L, Noiri Y, Okiji T. Evaluation of the Ca ion release, pH and surface apatite formation of a prototype tricalcium silicate cement. Int Endod J. 2017;50 Suppl 2:e73-e82.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  95. Camilleri J. Hydration characteristics of Biodentine and Theracal used as pulp capping materials. Dent Mater. 2014;30(7):709-15.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  96. Gandolfi MG, Siboni F, Prati C. Chemical-physical properties of TheraCal, a novel light-curable MTA-like material for pulp capping. Int Endod J. 2012;45(6):571-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  97. Poggio C, Lombardini M, Colombo M, Beltrami R, Rindi S. Solubility and pH of direct pulp capping materials: a comparative study. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2015;13(2):e181-5.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  98. Gandolfi MG, Siboni F, Botero T, Bossù M, Riccitiello F, Prati C. Calcium silicate and calcium hydroxide materials for pulp capping: biointeractivity, porosity, solubility and bioactivity of current formulations. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2015;13(1):43-60.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  99. Meraji N, Camilleri J. Bonding over Dentin Replacement Materials. J Endod. 2017;43(8):1343-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  100. Poggio C, Arciola CR, Beltrami R, Monaco A, Dagna A, Lombardini M, et al. Cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties of capping materials. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:181945.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  101. Lee H, Shin Y, Kim SO, Lee HS, Choi HJ, Song JS. Comparative Study of Pulpal Responses to Pulpotomy with ProRoot MTA, RetroMTA, and TheraCal in Dogs' Teeth. J Endod. 2015;41(8):1317-24.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  102. Petrolo F, Comba A, Scansetti M, Alovisi M, Pasqualini D, Berutti E, et al. Effects of light-cured MTA like material on direct pulp capping. Dent Mater. 2014;30(1):e151.[Crossref] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com