Pain in Geriatric Patients

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Geriatride Ağrı Kavramı ve Sınıflaması
Concept and Classification of Pain in Geriatrics
Suna BÜRKÜKa
aHitit Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Geriatri BD, Çorum, Türkiye
Bürkük S. Geriatride ağrı kavramı ve sınıflaması. Arık G, editör. Geriatrik Hastada Ağrı. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.1-4.
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Beklenen yaşam süresinin artması ile dünyadaki ve ülkemizdeki yaşlı nüfus giderek artmaktadır. Yaşlanan nüfus ile birlikte kanser, diyabet, osteoartrit, ateroskleroz gibi hastalıklar sık görülmekte ve yaşlı nüfusta ağrı prevelansı giderek artmaktadır. Yaşlılarda kronik ağrı daha sık görülmekle birlikte ağrıyı değerlendirmek de zordur. Uluslararası Ağrı Araştırmaları Teşkilatı (IASP) tarafından ağrı ''Var olan veya olası doku hasarına eşlik eden veya bu hasar ile tanımlanabilen hoşa gitmeyen duyusal ve emosyonel durumdur'' olarak tanımlanmıştır. Ağrı, süresi, mekanizması ve oluştuğu bölgeye göre sınıflandırılabilir. Süresine göre ağrı Akut ağrı ve kronik ağrı olarak ikiye ayrılır. Şiddetli ağrı üç aydan uzun sürdüğünde genellikle kronik olduğu kabul edilir. Mekanizmasına göre ağrı nosiseptif ağrı, nöropatik ağrı ve deaferentasyon ağrısı olmak üzere üç grupta sınıflandırılır. Kaynaklandığı bölgeye göre ağrı; baş, boyun, yüz, omuz, bel ve ekstremite ağrısı olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Ağrı yaşlıların en yaygın sorunlarından olup, bel boyun ağrısı, kas iskelet ağrısı, periferik nöropatik ağrı ve artrite bağlı ağrı yaşlılarda en sık görülen ağrı türleridir. Yaşlı nüfusun artması ile birlikte ağrı şikayeti ile başvuran yaşlı ile her branştan hekim karşılaşmaktadır. Yaşlılarda ağrı değerlendirilmesi ve tedavisi gençlere göre daha dikkatli özenli olmayı gerektirmektedir. Ağrı ile başvuran yaşlı bireyi değerlendirip tedavi ederken birçok paramatre sorgulanmalı ve ayrıntılı değerlendirme yapılmalıdır. Kronik ağrı ile başvuran yaşlı bireyde depresyon, sosyal izolasyon, kognitif değerlendirme ve özellikle de kapsamlı geriatrik değerlendirme yapılması son derece önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ağrı; geriatri
ABSTRACT
With the increase in life expectancy, the elderly population in the world and in our country is increasing. With the aging population, diseases such as cancer, diabetes, osteoarthritis and atherosclerosis are common and the prevalence of pain in the elderly population is gradually increasing. Although chronic pain is more common in the elderly, it is also difficult to assess pain. Pain is defined by the International Organization for the Study of Pain (IASP) as 'an unpleasant sensory and emotional state that accompanies existing or potential tissue damage or can be described in terms of this damage'. Pain can be classified according to its duration, mechanism and region of occurrence. According to its duration, pain is divided into acute pain and chronic pain. When severe pain lasts longer than three months, it is generally considered chronic. According to its mechanism, pain is classified into three groups: nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain and deafferentation pain. Pain depending on the area where it originates; It can be classified as head, neck, face, shoulder, waist and extremity pain. Pain is one of the most common problems of the elderly, and waist and neck pain, musculoskeletal pain, peripheral neuropathic pain and arthritis-related pain are the most common types of pain in the elderly. As the elderly population increases, physicians from all branches encounter elderly people who complain of pain. Pain evaluation and treatment in the elderly requires more care and attention than in young people. When evaluating and treating an elderly person presenting with pain, many parameters should be questioned and a detailed evaluation should be made. It is extremely important to perform depression, social isolation, cognitive evaluation and especially comprehensive geriatric evaluation in elderly individuals presenting with chronic pain.

Keywords: Pain; geriatrics

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